An Endorheic Lake in a Changing Climate: Geochemical Investigations at Lake Trasimeno (Italy)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Study Area: Geological, Hydrogeological and Hydrological Setting
2.2. Sampling and Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Chemical Composition of Lake Water, River Waters and Groundwater
3.2. Aqueous Speciation Calculations
3.3. Chemical Variations of Lake Water from 2006 to 2018
3.4. Isotopic Composition of Water and Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
3.5. Isotopic Variations of Lake Water from 2006 to 2015
3.6. Long-Term Physical and Chemical Variations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Calcite | Dolomite (Ordered) | Gypsum | Fluorite | Halite | Quartz | Chalcedony | Amorphous Silica | log10 PCO2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lake | 0.75 (0.29) | 2.94 (0.65) | −2.31 (0.08) | −2.05 (0.12) | −5.79 (0.09) | −0.32 (0.35) | −0.60 (0.35) | −1.68 (0.35) | −3.34 (0.22) |
Groundwater | −0.11 (0.14) | 0.44 (0.14) | −2.03 (0.31) | −2.75 (0.68) | −7.68 (0.31) | 0.56 (0.14) | 0.28 (0.14) | −0.82 (0.15) | −1.73 (0.19) |
Rivers | 0.59 (0.26) | 1.93 (0.46) | −1.97 (0.28) | −2.35 (0.19) | −6.58 (0.22) | 0.20 (0.30) | −0.08 (0.30) | 1.17 (0.30) | −2.61 (0.17) |
Variable | t (°C) | P (mm) | E (mm) | ∆D‰ | ∆18O‰ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
t (°C) | 1 (0.000) | −0.352 (0.001) | 0.913 (0.000) | 0.788 (0.000) | 0.798 (0.000) |
P (mm) | 1 (0.000) | −0.367 (0.001) | −0.632 (0.000) | −0.638 (0.000) | |
E (mm) | 1 (0.000) | 0.870 (0.000) | 0.877 (0.000) | ||
∆D‰ | 1 (0.000) | 0.994 (0.000) | |||
∆18O‰ | 1 (0.000) |
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Frondini, F.; Dragoni, W.; Morgantini, N.; Donnini, M.; Cardellini, C.; Caliro, S.; Melillo, M.; Chiodini, G. An Endorheic Lake in a Changing Climate: Geochemical Investigations at Lake Trasimeno (Italy). Water 2019, 11, 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071319
Frondini F, Dragoni W, Morgantini N, Donnini M, Cardellini C, Caliro S, Melillo M, Chiodini G. An Endorheic Lake in a Changing Climate: Geochemical Investigations at Lake Trasimeno (Italy). Water. 2019; 11(7):1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071319
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrondini, Francesco, Walter Dragoni, Nicola Morgantini, Marco Donnini, Carlo Cardellini, Stefano Caliro, Massimo Melillo, and Giovanni Chiodini. 2019. "An Endorheic Lake in a Changing Climate: Geochemical Investigations at Lake Trasimeno (Italy)" Water 11, no. 7: 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11071319