Water 2019, 11(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010076
Flash Flood Simulation for Ungauged Catchments Based on the Distributed Hydrological Model
1
China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
2
School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Beijing 100038, China
4
Lab of Spatial Information Integration, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 14 November 2018 / Revised: 21 December 2018 / Accepted: 27 December 2018 / Published: 4 January 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catchment Modelling)
Abstract
Flash flood is a significant threat to those who live in China and beyond. Reproducing them with distributed hydrological models is an effective measure for preventing flash floods. This paper introduces the China flash flood hydrological model (CNFF-HM); explores its principles, key steps, and applicability; and validates its simulation effects in two typical, small ungauged catchments (UCs), namely, Tiezhuling and Qianyangxi. First, the applicability of the model and the portability of the parameters were verified in Qianyangxi. Then, in Tiezhuling, the model parameters were comprehensively determined based on the measured values and simulation results, and the influence of the reservoir on the simulation effect was analyzed. Using the model’s different parameters in different catchments, the characteristics of the basin were compared and analyzed from the aspects of evapotranspiration, runoff, water distribution, and confluence. Finally, the early warning effect was evaluated. The results indicated the following: (1) The reservoir has a significant impact on model simulation. (2) The two UCs have similarities in evapotranspiration, runoff, and water source, and the difference in convergence is obvious. (3) With better early warning effect, the warning can achieve full coverage. These positive results suggest that this method should be further developed and tested. View Full-TextKeywords:
flash flood; warning; UCs; distributed hydrological models
▼
Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited (CC BY 4.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Jia, P.; Liu, R.; Ma, M.; Liu, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhai, X.; Xu, S.; Wang, D. Flash Flood Simulation for Ungauged Catchments Based on the Distributed Hydrological Model. Water 2019, 11, 76.
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.