Spatial Variation in Trophic Structure of Dominant Fish Species in Lake Dongting, China during Dry Season
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Sample Processing and Treatment
2.3. Stable Isotope Analyses
2.4. Modeling Trophic Levels
2.5. Bayesian Mixing Model
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Limnological Parameters and Fish Community Structure
3.2. Isotopic Values
3.3. Trophic Levels of Fishes
3.4. Contribution Proportions of Primary Food Sources to Fishes
4. Discussion
4.1. Spatial Differences in Fish Community and Top-Down Effects of Omnivorous Fish on Primary Food Sources
4.2. Effect of Primary Food Sources on the Trophic Structure of Fish Consumers
4.3. Different Contribution Proportions of Primary Food Sources
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Eastern Dongting | Southern Dongting | Western Dongting | |
---|---|---|---|
Sub-lake area (km2) | 1300 | 900 | 340 |
Water temperature (°C) | 25.28 ± 0.22 a | 24.04 ± 0.35 ab | 23.56 ± 0.35 b |
ORP (mv) | 79.20 ± 24.22 a | 112.36 ± 22.35 b | 161.17 ± 15.36 c |
Water depth (m) | 5.47 ± 2.13 a | 2.85 ± 0.74 b | 3.34 ± 0.69 c |
TN (mg/L) | 1.98 ± 0.14 a | 1.44 ± 0.11 b | 1.78 ± 0.15 ab |
NO3-N (mg/L) | 1.24 ± 0.15 a | 0.64 ± 0.12 b | 0.74 ± 0.20 ab |
NH4-N (mg/L) | 0.14 ± 0.02 a | 0.43 ± 0.09 b | 0.36 ± 0.05 c |
TP (mg/L) | 0.10 ± 0.01 a | 0.10 ± 0.02 a | 0.07 ± 0.01 a |
Density of phytoplankton (cells/L) | (10.26 ± 4.19) × 106 a | (1.09 ± 0.19) × 106 b | (1.20 ± 0.31) × 106 b |
Density of zooplankton (inds/L) | 29.09 ± 5.71 a | 3.51 ± 1.40 b | 1.66 ± 0.72 c |
Eastern and Southern Dongting | Eastern and Western Dongting | Southern and Western Dongting | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | df | F | p | df | F | p | |
Ctenopharynodon idellus | 17 | 2.914 | 0.107 | 17 | 0.021 | 0.886 | 17 | 3.067 | 0.099 |
Parabramis pekinensis | 17 | 6.855 | 0.019 | 17 | 8.472 | 0.010 | 17 | 0.181 | 0.676 |
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | 17 | 135.099 | <0.001 | 17 | 18.855 | 0.001 | 17 | 150.433 | <0.001 |
Aristichthys nobilis | 17 | 65.325 | <0.001 | 17 | 3.131 | 0.096 | 17 | 5.983 | 0.026 |
Acheilognathus macropterus | 17 | 10.299 | 0.005 | 17 | 11.259 | 0.004 | 17 | 0.285 | 0.601 |
Carassius auratus | 17 | 6.175 | 0.024 | 17 | 8.311 | 0.011 | 17 | 0.501 | 0.489 |
Cyprinus carpio | 17 | 9.694 | 0.007 | 17 | 25.780 | <0.001 | 17 | 0.190 | 0.669 |
Cultrichthys erythropterus | 17 | 6.885 | 0.018 | 17 | 136.225 | <0.001 | 17 | 19.543 | <0.001 |
Siniperca chuatsi | 17 | 4.822 | 0.043 | 17 | 13.181 | 0.002 | 17 | 2.495 | 0.134 |
Primary Food Sources | Eastern and Southern Dongting | Eastern and Western Dongting | Southern and Western Dongting | One-Way ANOVA |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pelagic source | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.921 | Turkey HSD |
Benthic source | 0.155 | <0.001 | <0.001 | Dunnett T3 |
Littoral source | <0.001 | 0.421 | 0.001 | Turkey HSD |
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Yu, J.; Guo, L.; Zhang, H.; Xu, J.; Hu, H.; Xue, T.; Luo, C.; Yi, C.; Hu, Y.; Silva, K.H.W.L.D.; et al. Spatial Variation in Trophic Structure of Dominant Fish Species in Lake Dongting, China during Dry Season. Water 2018, 10, 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050602
Yu J, Guo L, Zhang H, Xu J, Hu H, Xue T, Luo C, Yi C, Hu Y, Silva KHWLD, et al. Spatial Variation in Trophic Structure of Dominant Fish Species in Lake Dongting, China during Dry Season. Water. 2018; 10(5):602. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050602
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Jia, Longgen Guo, Huan Zhang, Jun Xu, Huaming Hu, Ting Xue, Congqiang Luo, Chunlong Yi, Yufei Hu, Kaluwa Handi Wasana Lalanthi De Silva, and et al. 2018. "Spatial Variation in Trophic Structure of Dominant Fish Species in Lake Dongting, China during Dry Season" Water 10, no. 5: 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050602
APA StyleYu, J., Guo, L., Zhang, H., Xu, J., Hu, H., Xue, T., Luo, C., Yi, C., Hu, Y., Silva, K. H. W. L. D., & Xie, P. (2018). Spatial Variation in Trophic Structure of Dominant Fish Species in Lake Dongting, China during Dry Season. Water, 10(5), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10050602