Occurrence, Seasonal Variation and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Qingcaosha Reservoir
1
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2
Sino-Japan Friendship Centre for Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, China
3
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2018, 10(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020115
Received: 28 November 2017 / Revised: 6 January 2018 / Accepted: 19 January 2018 / Published: 29 January 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance in Environmental Waters)
Qingcaosha Reservoir is an important drinking water source in Shanghai. The occurrence of five groups of antibiotics was investigated in the surface water of this reservoir over a one-year period. Seventeen antibiotics were selected in this study based on their significant usage in China. Of these antibiotics, 16 were detected, while oxytetracycline was not detected in any sampling site. The detected frequency of tylosin was only 47.92% while the other 15 antibiotics were above 81.25%. The dominant antibiotic was different in four seasons: norfloxacin was dominant in spring, and penicillinV was dominant in summer, autumn and winter, with medium concentrations of 124.10 ng/L, 89.91 ng/L, 180.28 ng/L, and 216.43 ng/L, respectively. The concentrations and detection frequencies of antibiotics were notably higher in winter than in other seasons, demonstrating that low temperature and low flow may result in the persistence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment. Risk assessment suggested that norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, penicillinV, and doxycycline in the surface water presented high ecological risks.
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Keywords:
antibiotics; Qingcaosha reservoir; risk assessment
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jiang, Y.; Xu, C.; Wu, X.; Chen, Y.; Han, W.; Gin, K.Y.-H.; He, Y. Occurrence, Seasonal Variation and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Qingcaosha Reservoir. Water 2018, 10, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020115
AMA Style
Jiang Y, Xu C, Wu X, Chen Y, Han W, Gin KY-H, He Y. Occurrence, Seasonal Variation and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Qingcaosha Reservoir. Water. 2018; 10(2):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020115
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Yue; Xu, Cong; Wu, Xiaoyu; Chen, Yihan; Han, Wei; Gin, Karina Y.-H.; He, Yiliang. 2018. "Occurrence, Seasonal Variation and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in Qingcaosha Reservoir" Water 10, no. 2: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10020115
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