Characteristics of Positive Surges in a Rectangular Channel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Setup and Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Basic Flow Patterns
- In Stage 1, the front of the positive wave is rather smooth.
- Stage 2 corresponds to the generating process of the undular surges, and can be divided into two sub-stages: Stage2a and Stage2b. In Stage 2a, the front head of the positive wave gradually becomes “rough” and develops into a series of cascading steps at the end of this stage; in Stage 2b, the cascading steps develop into a train of well-formed undulations (i.e., non-breaking undular surges) (Figure 2). Additionally, some sidewall shock waves can be observed in this stage that develop upstream of the first wave crest and intersect next to the first crest. This stage ends when some small waves break at the first wave crest (i.e., breaking undular surges) (Figure 3).
- In Stage 3, the wave amplitude decreases and the free-surface undulations become flatter. This stage ends with the disappearance of fluctuating characteristics of water depth at the surge front.
- During Stage 4, the surge front behaves as a nearly vertical water wall (i.e., breaking surges) (Figure 4).
3.2. Free-Surface Properties
3.2.1. Ratio of Conjugate Depths
3.2.2. Free-Surface Undulation Characteristics
3.2.3. Energy and Momentum Fluxes Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Series | h0 (m) | tv (s) | H (m) |
---|---|---|---|
A | 0.08 | 20 | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 |
B | 0.08 | 25 | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 |
C | 0.08 | 30 | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 |
D | 0.08 | 40 | 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 |
Flow Stage Transition | Surge Froude Number Fr0 |
---|---|
1–2a | ≈1.03 |
2a–2b | 1.07–1.10 |
2b–3 | 1.26–1.28 |
3–4 | 1.45–1.50 |
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Zheng, F.; Li, Y.; Xuan, G.; Li, Z.; Zhu, L. Characteristics of Positive Surges in a Rectangular Channel. Water 2018, 10, 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101473
Zheng F, Li Y, Xuan G, Li Z, Zhu L. Characteristics of Positive Surges in a Rectangular Channel. Water. 2018; 10(10):1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101473
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Feidong, Yun Li, Guoxiang Xuan, Zhonghua Li, and Long Zhu. 2018. "Characteristics of Positive Surges in a Rectangular Channel" Water 10, no. 10: 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101473
APA StyleZheng, F., Li, Y., Xuan, G., Li, Z., & Zhu, L. (2018). Characteristics of Positive Surges in a Rectangular Channel. Water, 10(10), 1473. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101473