A Single Tube Contactor for Testing Membrane Ozonation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Membrane Contactor System
2.2. Ozonation Experiments
2.3. Wastewater Effluent and River Water
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. Computational Modelling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Ozone Concentration with Liquid Side Velocity and Membrane Size
3.2. Overall Ozone Mass Transfer Coefficient and Molar Flux through the Membrane
3.3. Removal of pCBA by Membrane Ozonation and in Presence of Additional H2O2 (Peroxone Process)
3.4. Ozonation of Dissolved Organic Matter
3.5. Membrane Longevity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Nomenclature | ||
α | surface area of the membrane per unit volume of liquid | m−1 |
L | length of the membrane | m |
uL | liquid velocity | m/s |
H | solubility of ozone in water | - |
S | solubility of ozone in the membrane | - |
Cg | ozone concentration in the gas phase | g/m3 |
CL,out | ozone concentration at the outlet of the contactor | mg/L |
KL | Overall mass transfer coefficient | m/s |
N | Molar flux | mol/(m2 s) |
Re | Reynolds number | - |
Sc | Schmidt number | - |
Acronyms | ||
CFD | Computational fluid dynamics | |
PDMS | Polydimethylsiloxane | |
PES | Polyethersulfone | |
PEI | Polyetherimide | |
PFA | Perfluoroalkoxy alkane | |
PTFE | Polytetrafluoroethylene | |
PVDF | Polyvinylidene difluoride | |
DPD | N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine | |
pCBA | para-chlorobenzoic acid | |
ID | inner diameter | |
OD | outer diameter | |
TOC | total organic carbon |
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Material | Product Code | Supplier | OD (inch) | ID (inch) | ID (mm) | Wall Thickness (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Silastic® (PDMS) | WZ-96115-22 | Cole Parmer | 1/4 | 1/8 | 3.2 | 1.6 |
Silastic® (PDMS) | WZ-96155-00 | Cole Parmer | 1/8 | 1/16 | 1.6 | 0.8 |
Silastic® (PDMS) | WZ-96115-08 | Cole Parmer | 1/12 | 1/25 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Property | Wastewater Effluent (March 2018) | River Water I (March 2018) | River Water II (July 2017) |
---|---|---|---|
pH | 7.9 | 7.2 | 8.2 |
TOC (mg/L) | 10.2 | 7.2 | 4.3 |
UV254 (cm−1) | 0.14 | 0.20 | 0.10 |
Alkalinity (mg CaCO3/L) | 181 | 236 | n/a 1 |
Nitrate (mg/L) | 31 | 22 | n/a |
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Zoumpouli, G.A.; Baker, R.; Taylor, C.M.; Chippendale, M.J.; Smithers, C.; Ho, S.S.X.; Mattia, D.; Chew, Y.M.J.; Wenk, J. A Single Tube Contactor for Testing Membrane Ozonation. Water 2018, 10, 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101416
Zoumpouli GA, Baker R, Taylor CM, Chippendale MJ, Smithers C, Ho SSX, Mattia D, Chew YMJ, Wenk J. A Single Tube Contactor for Testing Membrane Ozonation. Water. 2018; 10(10):1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101416
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoumpouli, Garyfalia A., Robert Baker, Caitlin M. Taylor, Matthew J. Chippendale, Chloë Smithers, Sean S. X. Ho, Davide Mattia, Y. M. John Chew, and Jannis Wenk. 2018. "A Single Tube Contactor for Testing Membrane Ozonation" Water 10, no. 10: 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101416
APA StyleZoumpouli, G. A., Baker, R., Taylor, C. M., Chippendale, M. J., Smithers, C., Ho, S. S. X., Mattia, D., Chew, Y. M. J., & Wenk, J. (2018). A Single Tube Contactor for Testing Membrane Ozonation. Water, 10(10), 1416. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101416