Effects of Vegetation Density and Arrangement on Sediment Budget in a Sediment-Laden Flow
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. The Influence of Single Vegetation on Bed Form
3.2. The Influence of Vegetation Communities on Bed Form
3.3. The Influence of Vegetation on Sediment Budget in Spatial and Time Distribution
3.4. The Influence of Vegetation on Velocity Profile and Turbulent Kinetic Energy
4. Practical Implications
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test | Test 1–3 | Test 4–6 | Test 7–9 |
---|---|---|---|
Vegetation density | 33.33 stems/m2 | 66.67 stems/m2 | 100 stems/m2 |
Arrangement | Random | ||
Water discharge | 0.03 m3/s | ||
Initial velocity | 0.5 m/s | ||
Initial water height | 0.1 m | ||
Froude number | 0.51 | ||
Reynolds number | 49,900 | ||
Sediment | SiO2 | ||
Specific mass | 2.55 ton/m3 | ||
Grain size | 1.22 mm (D50) | ||
Solid discharge | 0.35 kg/min | ||
Test duration | 9 h |
Density (Stems/m2) | Upstream Area (kg/m2) | Vegetation Area (kg/m2) | Downstream Area (kg/m2) |
---|---|---|---|
33.33 | +5.57 | +25.43 | −38.28 |
66.67 | +17.22 | +1.19 | −35.63 |
100.00 | +31.31 | −24.38 | −20.81 |
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Li, J.-F.; Tfwala, S.S.; Chen, S.-C. Effects of Vegetation Density and Arrangement on Sediment Budget in a Sediment-Laden Flow. Water 2018, 10, 1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101412
Li J-F, Tfwala SS, Chen S-C. Effects of Vegetation Density and Arrangement on Sediment Budget in a Sediment-Laden Flow. Water. 2018; 10(10):1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101412
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Jin-Fu, Samkele S. Tfwala, and Su-Chin Chen. 2018. "Effects of Vegetation Density and Arrangement on Sediment Budget in a Sediment-Laden Flow" Water 10, no. 10: 1412. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101412