Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Model Based on Conventional Data
2.2.1. MIKE SHE Model Code
2.2.2. Model Setup
2.2.3. Model Calibration and Validation
2.3. Modelling Based on RS Data
2.3.1. FY-2C Precipitation Products
2.3.2. Potential Evapotranspiration
2.4. Comparison of Conventional and RS Models
3. Results
3.1. Total Water Balance Components
3.2. Actual ET
3.3. Groundwater Dynamic Change
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date Type | Date Resource | Spatial Discretisation |
---|---|---|
Distributed maps | ||
Topography/DEM | SRTM 90 m Digital Elevation Data (http://srtm.csi.cgiar.org/) | 90 × 90 m |
Landscape (vegetation) | MODIS NDVI based classification | 250 × 250 m |
Soil types | Soil map of Hebei province | |
Precipitation zones | Stations distributed by Thiessens Polygon Method | 23 points |
Potential evapotranspiration zones | Stations distributed by Thiessens Polygon Method | 23 points |
Initial groundwater head | Interpolation from observed groundwater heads | 200 heads |
Bottom elevation of the aquifer system | Hebei Geological map | 1:500,000 |
Geological units | Huanghuaihai Plain geology map | |
RS precipitation products | FY-2C products | 0.1° × 0.1° |
RS potential evapotranspiration | FY-2C products | 1° × 1 ° |
Time series | ||
Precipitation | National meteorological stations | |
Potential evapotranspiration | National meteorological stations | |
LAI | Measured or from reference | |
Kc | Measured or from reference | |
Root depth | Measured or from reference |
Soil Type | θsat | θfc | θwp | Ks (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Loam | 0.47 | 0.386 | 0.102 | 5.2 × 10−6 |
Sandy | 0.43 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 1 × 10−3 |
Sandy loam | 0.41 | 0.35 | 0.07 | 8 × 10−6 |
Clay loam | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.14 | 3.5 × 10−8 |
Parameters * | Initial Value | Parameter Ties | Lower Bound | Upper Bound | Final Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K1 (m/s) | 0.004 | tied to K2 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0037 |
Sy1 | 0.25 | tied to Sy2 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.266 |
K2 (m/s) | 0.002 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0018 | |
Sy2 | 0.2 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.212 | |
K3 (m/s) | 0.001 | tied to K4 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0010 |
Sy3 | 0.153 | tied to Sy4 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.20 |
K4 (m/s) | 0.001 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0010 | |
Sy4 | 0.15 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.196 | |
K5 (m/s) | 0.0005 | tied to K6 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0006 |
Sy5 | 0.1 | tied to Sy6 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.135 |
K6 (m/s) | 0.0002 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0002 | |
Sy6 | 0.08 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.108 | |
b1 | 0.0015 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0010 | |
b2 | 0.0015 | 1.00 × 10−10 | 1.00 × 1010 | 0.0012 |
Statistic | Daily | 5-Day | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE | dherror | ab(dherror) | RMSE | dherror | ab(dherror) | |
Max | 19.77 | 15.67 | 15.67 | 36.01 | 11.31 | 15.02 |
Min | 0.79 | −6.76 | 0.01 | 0.57 | −15.02 | 0.02 |
Mean | 6.21 | 0.08 | 3.63 | 8.92 | 0.06 | 3.28 |
σ | 4.87 | 4.98 | 3.41 | 7.16 | 4.23 | 2.67 |
Water Balance Components | 2006 | 2007 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Conventional Model | RS Model | Conventional Model | RS Model | |
Precipitation | 456 | 742 | 524 | 533 |
Actual evapotranspiration | 673 | 769 | 698 | 726 |
Unsaturated zone storage change | −7 | −22 | 27 | 19 |
Saturated zone storage change | −193 | 12 | −182 | −193 |
Pumping for irrigation | 271 | 271 | 270 | 271 |
Pumping for industry and domestic use | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
Groundwater recharge | 64 | 269 | 71 | 60 |
Lateral inflow | 25 | 25 | 27 | 27 |
Lateral outflow | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 |
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Shu, Y.; Li, H.; Lei, Y. Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China. Water 2018, 10, 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101295
Shu Y, Li H, Lei Y. Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China. Water. 2018; 10(10):1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101295
Chicago/Turabian StyleShu, Yunqiao, Hongjun Li, and Yuping Lei. 2018. "Modelling Groundwater Flow with MIKE SHE Using Conventional Climate Data and Satellite Data as Model Forcing in Haihe Plain, China" Water 10, no. 10: 1295. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10101295