Land-Atmosphere Transfer Parameters in the Brazilian Pantanal during the Dry Season
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Site, Experiment and Dataset
3. Methodology
3.1. Wind Speed and Temperature
3.2. Water Vapor
4. Parameter Estimation and Discussion
4.1. Temperature and Wind Speed: Estimation of the Surface Length Scales and the Stability Parameter
U Stable | |||
Levels | a | d (m) | z0 (m) |
1–3 | 4.5 | 1.9 | 0.13 |
1–5 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 0.07 |
2–3 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 0.09 |
2–5 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 0.06 |
3–5 | 3.8 | 6.9 | 0.04 |
Averages | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 1.8 | 0.08 ± 0.03 |
U Unstable | |||
Levels | a | d (m) | z0 (m) |
1–3 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 0.05 |
Θv Stable | |||
Levels | a | d (m) | z0 (m) |
1–2 | 3.0 | 3.6 | 0.17 |
1–3 | 1.4 | 6.9 | 0.03 |
2–3 | 3.3 | 8.5 | 0.03 |
Averages | 2.6 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 2.5 | 0.08 ± 0.08 |
U Stable | |||||
Levels | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | Averages |
z0 (m) | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.08 ± 0.01 |
d (m) | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 4.0 ± 0.4 |
U Unstable | |||||
Levels | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | Averages |
z0 (m) | 0.017 | 0.024 | 0.017 | - | 0.019 ± 0.004 |
d (m) | 6.8 | 7.7 | 11.0 | - | 8.5 ± 2.2 |
Θv Stable | |||||
Levels | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | Averages |
z0 (m) | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.08 | - | 0.11 ± 0.03 |
d (m) | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.9 | - | 4.8 ± 0.1 |
4.2. Water Vapor: Estimation of the Scalar Drag Coefficient
Level | Ch PM Model (10−3) | Ch Data Average (10−3) | evf |
---|---|---|---|
3 | 7.6 ± 1.5 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 0.72 ± 0.11 |
5 | 6.5 ± 1.2 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.83 ± 0.08 |
4.3. Discussion
5. Summary and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
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Martano, P.; Filho, E.P.M.; De Abreu Sá, L.D. Land-Atmosphere Transfer Parameters in the Brazilian Pantanal during the Dry Season. Atmosphere 2015, 6, 805-821. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6060805
Martano P, Filho EPM, De Abreu Sá LD. Land-Atmosphere Transfer Parameters in the Brazilian Pantanal during the Dry Season. Atmosphere. 2015; 6(6):805-821. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6060805
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartano, Paolo, Edson Pereira Marques Filho, and Leonardo Deane De Abreu Sá. 2015. "Land-Atmosphere Transfer Parameters in the Brazilian Pantanal during the Dry Season" Atmosphere 6, no. 6: 805-821. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos6060805