Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Standardized Precipitation Index
2.2.2. Drought Occurrence Frequency
2.2.3. Empirical Orthogonal Function
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. Spatio-Temporal Changes in Drought
3.1.1. Changes in Annual and Seasonal SPI
3.1.2. Occurrence Frequency of Different Grades of Annual Drought
3.1.3. Spatial Distribution of Annual and Seasonal Drought
3.2. EOF Analysis of Summer SPI
3.3. Circulation Characteristics in the Summer of Typical Years
3.3.1. Selection of Typical Years
3.3.2. Characteristics of Geopotential Height Field
3.3.3. Characteristics of Wind Field
3.3.4. Characteristics of Vertical Circulation
3.3.5. Characteristics of Water Vapor
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In the annual and seasonal drought series, there is a non-significant trend toward drought in summer, while there are non-significant trends toward wetness for the other series. Overall, the frequency of drought is low in the southeast and high in the west and the north of the study area;
- (2)
- The results of EOF analysis of summer SPI show that EOF1 is characterized by a uniform pattern in the whole region, that is, there exists a feature of consistent drought or flood in Yulin City. EOF2, EOF3 and EOF4 mainly indicate opposite characteristics of the changes in floods and droughts in the eastern/western parts and the southeast/other parts of the study area;
- (3)
- In the summer of the typical drought years, the study area is controlled by the northwest airflow behind the trough, and the meridional circulation is distributed in the mid-latitudes, which is conducive to the intrusion of cold air into the south of China. The cold and warm air intersection area is to the south. The water vapor flux is weak and the water vapor is divergent, which prohibits the precipitation process in the study area;
- (4)
- In the summer of the typical flood years, the study area is controlled by the zonal airflow at the bottom of low-pressure trough, showing the distribution of zonal circulations, which is conducive to the intrusion of cold air into the north of China. The cold and warm air intersection area is to the north. The water vapor flux is strong and the water vapor is convergent, which is conducive to the precipitation process in the study area.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Station | Mild Drought (%) | Medium Drought (%) | Severe Drought (%) | Extreme Drought (%) | Total (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dingbian | 12.73 | 13.73 | 6.45 | 0 | 34.91 |
Fugu | 24.64 | 5.45 | 1.82 | 3.64 | 35.55 |
Hengshan | 9.27 | 20.36 | 4.64 | 1.82 | 36.09 |
Jiaxian | 21.18 | 10.09 | 0 | 5.64 | 36.91 |
Jingbian | 18 | 4 | 8.6 | 4 | 34.6 |
Mizhi | 13.04 | 8.7 | 9.27 | 0 | 31 |
Qingjian | 21.22 | 1.64 | 1.02 | 3.04 | 26.71 |
Shenmu | 10.1 | 11.99 | 12.97 | 1.99 | 37.05 |
Suide | 21.22 | 6.17 | 2.14 | 1.02 | 30.55 |
Wubao | 15.08 | 10.11 | 4.34 | 0 | 29.53 |
Yulin | 15.73 | 15.91 | 1.82 | 2.82 | 36.28 |
Zizhou | 17 | 11.33 | 1.22 | 1.22 | 30.77 |
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Yin, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wang, X.; Xu, W.; Yu, W.; Zhu, Y. Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111196
Yin Y, Zhang L, Wang X, Xu W, Yu W, Zhu Y. Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015. Atmosphere. 2020; 11(11):1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111196
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Yixing, Lijuan Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Wucheng Xu, Wenjun Yu, and Ye Zhu. 2020. "Meteorological Drought Changes and Related Circulation Characteristics in Yulin City of the Northern Shaanxi from 1961 to 2015" Atmosphere 11, no. 11: 1196. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111196