Photooxidation of Emissions from Firewood and Pellet Combustion Using a Photochemical Chamber
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Photochemical Chamber
2.2. Firewood Domestic Appliances
2.3. Instrumentation
- Flushing the chamber with clean air overnight at a rate of 300 Liter/Minute (Lpm). During this period, chamber volume was replaced more than 20 times.
- Combustion ignition in the stove
- Injection of a concentrated aliquot of biomass emission into the chamber at a rate of 10 Lpm
- Stop emission filling and measuring air pollutants with UV lights OFF
- UV Lights ON and measuring air pollutants.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. UV-A Irradiation of the Filtered Emissions
3.2. Secondary Particle Formation
3.3. UV-A Irradiation of Unfiltered Emissions
3.4. Transformation Chemistry of Organic Aerosols during Aging
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Device Model | Memo, RIKA | Wamsler KF 108-Primo |
---|---|---|
Fuel | Wood pellet | Firewood |
Rated power (kW) | 9 (adjustable) | 7 |
Range of rated power (kW) | 2.4–9.0 | ----- |
Fuel consumption rate (kg/h) | 0.5–2.2 | 2 |
CO (mg/MJ) | 24 | 1218 |
NOx (mg/MJ) | 83 | 63 |
CnHn * (mg/MJ) | 2 | 51 |
PM (mg/MJ) | 15 | 35 |
Gas temperature (°C) | 140 | 220.7 |
Monitor | Manufacturer | Model | Quantification Range |
---|---|---|---|
CO | Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA | 48i | 0.04 to 100 ppm |
NOX | Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA | 42i | 50 ppt to 200 ppb |
O3 | 2B Technologies, Inc. Boulder, CO, USA | 106-L | 4–100,000 ppb |
ACSM | Aerodyne Research Inc. Billerica, MA, USA | ---- | Organics: 0.3 to 100 µg/m3 Sulfate: 0.04 to 100 µg/m3 Nitrate: 0.02 to 100 µg/m3 Ammonia: 0.5 to 100 µg/m3 Chloride: 0.02 to 100 µg/m3 |
DMPS | TSI Inc. Shoreview, MN, USA | 3010 | 1 to 10,000 particles/cm3 |
Fuel | Experiment | Initial NOx Concentration (ppb) | Time to Reach Max NO2 Concentration (min) | NO2tmax/NO2° |
---|---|---|---|---|
Wood | (a) | 993 | 75 | 10 |
Wood | (b) | 260 | 50 | 6.3 |
Wood | (c) | 66 | 23 | 3.3 |
Wood | (d) | 1691 | 108 | 14.9 |
Pellet | (a) | 204 | 137 | 6.7 |
Pellet | (b) | 986 | 179 | 10.6 |
Pellet | (c) | 1517 | >400 | ~15 |
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Reyes, F.; Vasquez, Y.; Gramsch, E.; Oyola, P.; Rappenglück, B.; Rubio, M.A. Photooxidation of Emissions from Firewood and Pellet Combustion Using a Photochemical Chamber. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100575
Reyes F, Vasquez Y, Gramsch E, Oyola P, Rappenglück B, Rubio MA. Photooxidation of Emissions from Firewood and Pellet Combustion Using a Photochemical Chamber. Atmosphere. 2019; 10(10):575. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100575
Chicago/Turabian StyleReyes, Felipe, Yeanice Vasquez, Ernesto Gramsch, Pedro Oyola, Bernhard Rappenglück, and María A. Rubio. 2019. "Photooxidation of Emissions from Firewood and Pellet Combustion Using a Photochemical Chamber" Atmosphere 10, no. 10: 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100575