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Volume 16
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10.3390/genes16070840
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Dietary and Genetic Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Polish Women—Part II: Association of CYP19, FTO, MC4R and INSR Gene Polymorphisms with Clinical Symptoms of PCOS

by
Karolina Nowosad
1,
Małgorzata Ostrowska
1,*,
Paweł Glibowski
1,
Katarzyna Iłowiecka
2 and
Wojciech Koch
3
1
Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 8 Skromna Str., 20-704 Lublin, Poland
2
Nutrition Clinic, Department of Clinical Dietetics, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Chodzki St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2025, 16(7), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070840
Submission received: 23 June 2025 / Revised: 12 July 2025 / Accepted: 17 July 2025 / Published: 18 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Genetics and Genomics)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between selected polymorphisms (CYP19, INSR, FTO, MC4R) and the clinical manifestations of PCOS in a Polish female population. Methods: A total of 50 women (25 with PCOS and 25 healthy controls) were included. Genetic variants were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods. The frequencies of genotypes and alleles were compared between groups. Clinical symptoms such as irregular menstruation, hirsutism, acne, androgenetic alopecia, and overweight were assessed in relation to genotype. Results: No significant differences were found in genotype distributions for CYP19, FTO, INSR, or MC4R between PCOS and control groups. The MC4R polymorphisms showed deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, possibly reflecting population-specific effects. Conclusions: Although most analyzed variants were not directly associated with PCOS in this cohort, the observed link between INSR rs1799817 and acne suggests a role in androgen-related symptoms. These findings contribute new insights to the genetic background of PCOS in Polish women and support the need for further studies combining genetic and phenotypic data in diverse populations.
Keywords: PCOS; INSR; MC4R; FTO; CYP19; gene polymorphism; acne; Polish women PCOS; INSR; MC4R; FTO; CYP19; gene polymorphism; acne; Polish women

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nowosad, K.; Ostrowska, M.; Glibowski, P.; Iłowiecka, K.; Koch, W. Dietary and Genetic Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Polish Women—Part II: Association of CYP19, FTO, MC4R and INSR Gene Polymorphisms with Clinical Symptoms of PCOS. Genes 2025, 16, 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070840

AMA Style

Nowosad K, Ostrowska M, Glibowski P, Iłowiecka K, Koch W. Dietary and Genetic Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Polish Women—Part II: Association of CYP19, FTO, MC4R and INSR Gene Polymorphisms with Clinical Symptoms of PCOS. Genes. 2025; 16(7):840. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070840

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nowosad, Karolina, Małgorzata Ostrowska, Paweł Glibowski, Katarzyna Iłowiecka, and Wojciech Koch. 2025. "Dietary and Genetic Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Polish Women—Part II: Association of CYP19, FTO, MC4R and INSR Gene Polymorphisms with Clinical Symptoms of PCOS" Genes 16, no. 7: 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070840

APA Style

Nowosad, K., Ostrowska, M., Glibowski, P., Iłowiecka, K., & Koch, W. (2025). Dietary and Genetic Aspects of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Polish Women—Part II: Association of CYP19, FTO, MC4R and INSR Gene Polymorphisms with Clinical Symptoms of PCOS. Genes, 16(7), 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16070840

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