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Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/genes16111392
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Review

Reprogramming Fibrosis: How Protein PTMs Reshape the IPF Proteome

by
Yunze Li
1,
Wei Kong
1,
Hanqi Zhang
2,
Xinfeng Wei
1,
Junxuan Yi
1,
Mingwei Wang
1,
Shunzi Jin
1 and
Duo Yu
2,*
1
NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
2
Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Genes 2025, 16(11), 1392; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16111392
Submission received: 30 September 2025 / Revised: 8 November 2025 / Accepted: 18 November 2025 / Published: 20 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics and Genomics of Lung Diseases)
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Abstract

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and progressive lung disorder. Its pathological process involves persistent epithelial damage, ongoing inflammation, and dysregulated tissue repair. Currently, there are no effective treatment methods to improve patient survival. However, post-translational modifications (PTMs) have gradually garnered widespread attention. They are the processes by which various chemical groups are added to or removed from proteins’ amino acid side chains or the N- or C-terminal ends of the polypeptide chain following synthesis. Additionally, they can regulate the energy supply of cells, regulate the cell cycle, and affect important signaling pathways such as TGF-β. This review systematically summarizes different categories of PTMs, organizes the PTMs involved in various injury stages of IPF, outlines the roles of different cells throughout the process, and analyzes future clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies as well as intervention targets for IPF, providing guiding significance for the systematic intervention of IPF in the future.
Keywords: post-translational modifications; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; lung injury; macro-phages; therapeutic strategies post-translational modifications; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; lung injury; macro-phages; therapeutic strategies
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Kong, W.; Zhang, H.; Wei, X.; Yi, J.; Wang, M.; Jin, S.; Yu, D. Reprogramming Fibrosis: How Protein PTMs Reshape the IPF Proteome. Genes 2025, 16, 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16111392

AMA Style

Li Y, Kong W, Zhang H, Wei X, Yi J, Wang M, Jin S, Yu D. Reprogramming Fibrosis: How Protein PTMs Reshape the IPF Proteome. Genes. 2025; 16(11):1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16111392

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Yunze, Wei Kong, Hanqi Zhang, Xinfeng Wei, Junxuan Yi, Mingwei Wang, Shunzi Jin, and Duo Yu. 2025. "Reprogramming Fibrosis: How Protein PTMs Reshape the IPF Proteome" Genes 16, no. 11: 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16111392

APA Style

Li, Y., Kong, W., Zhang, H., Wei, X., Yi, J., Wang, M., Jin, S., & Yu, D. (2025). Reprogramming Fibrosis: How Protein PTMs Reshape the IPF Proteome. Genes, 16(11), 1392. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16111392

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