Ancient DNA Studies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mesoamerican Genetic Studies
3. Ancient DNA Studies
4. Basin of Mexico
4.1. Preclassic Period
4.2. Classic Period
4.3. Epiclassic Period
4.4. Postclassic Period
5. Yucatán Peninsula
6. Maya Civilisation
7. Greater Nicoya
8. Future Perspectives
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Period | Calendar Dates |
---|---|
Lithic | ~13000–5000 BCE |
Archaic or Proto-Neolithic | 5000–2500 BCE |
Preclassic or Formative | 2500 BCE–150 CE |
Classic | 150–650 CE |
Epiclassic * | 650–900 CE |
Postclassic | 900–1519 † CE |
Colonial | 1519 †–1821 ‡ CE |
Present | 1821 ‡ CE–Current Day |
Site | n | mtDNA Sequence | Genetic Sex Assign | Nuclear Data | mtDNA Haplogroup Frequency (%) | Date | Period | Location | Reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | |||||||||
Teotihuacan (Moon Pyramid) | 1 | Imputed WMG | No | No | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ~500 CE | Classic | State of Mexico, Mexico | Mizuno et al. (2014) [26] |
Teotihuacan (Tlailotlacan) | 8 | GD and HVRI | No | No | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 300–500 CE | Classic | Herrera Salazar (2007) [50] | |
Teotihuacan (La Ventilla, San Sebastián Xolalpan and San Francisco Mazapa) | 36 | GD | No | No | 58 | 25 | 14 | 3 | 300–700 CE | Classic–Epiclassic | Aguirre-Samudio et al. (2017) [51] | |
Teotihuacan (Teopancazco) | 29 | HVR1 and HRM | Yes | No | 55 | 21 | 17 | 7 | 200–550 CE | Classic | Álvarez-Sandoval et al. (2014) and (2015) [52,53] | |
Xaltocan (Pre-Aztec conquest) | 10 | GD and HVR1 | No | No | 30 | 30 | 0 | 40 | 1240–1541 CE | Postclassic | Mata-Míguez et al. (2012) [54] | |
Xaltocan (Post-Aztec conquest) | 15 | 60 | 20 | 7 | 13 | |||||||
Tlatelolco | 23 | GD | No | No | 65 | 13 | 4 | 18 | 1325 CE | Postclassic | Mexico City, Mexico | Kemp et al. (2005) [55] |
30 | GD and HVR1 | No | No | 46 | 37 | 7 | 10 | 1350–1457 CE | Solorzano Navarro (2006) [56] | |||
14 | GD | Yes | No | 57 | 21 | 7 | 14 | 1454–1457 CE | De La Cruz et al. (2008) [57] | |||
11 | HVR1, HVR2, and WMG * | Yes | Yes * | 55 | 18 | 9 | 18 | 1350–1519 CE | Morales-Arce et al. (2019) [48] | |||
Cholula | 12 | 42 | 42 | 16 | 0 | 240–1400 CE | Classic–Postclassic | State of Puebla, Mexico | ||||
9 | GD and HVRI | No | No | 100 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1100–1500 CE | Postclassic | Juárez Martín (2002) [58] |
Region | Population/ Site | n | mtDNA Sequence | Genetic Sex Assign | Nuclear Data | mtDNA Haplogroup Frequency (%) | Date | Period | Location | Reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | ||||||||||
Yucatán Peninsula | Hoyo Negro | 1 | GD | No | No | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | ~10500 BCE | Lithic | State of Quintana Roo, Mexico | Chatters et al. (2014) [59] |
Saki Tzul | 2 | WMG | Yes | Yes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | ~5300 BCE | Toledo District, Belize | Posth et al. (2018) [3] | ||
Mayahak Cab Pek | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 | ~7300 BCE | |||||||
Maya Civilisation | Mayas | 38 | HVR1 | No | No | 61 | 0 | 34 | 5 | 250–1500 CE | Classic– Postclassic | States of Quintana Roo, Yucatán, Chiapas and Tabasco, Mexico | Ochoa-Lugo et al. (2016) [60] |
Midnight Terror Cave | 17 | WMG | Yes | No | 82 | 12 | 6 | 0 | 550–900 CE | Classic– Epiclassic * | Cayo District, Belize | Verdugo et al. (2020) [49] | |
Xcaret | 24 | GD | No | No | 88 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 600–1521 CE | Epiclassic *–Postclassic | State of Quintana Roo, Mexico | González-Oliver et al. (2001) [61] | |
Copán | 9 | GD | No | No | 0 | 0 | 88 | 12 | 700–1300 CE | Copán Department, Honduras | Merriwether, Reed, and Ferrell (1997) [62] | ||
Greater Nicoya | Jícaro | 3 | WMG | No | No | 0 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 800–1250 CE | Epiclassic *–Postclassic | Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica | Morales-Arce et al. (2017) [9] |
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Roca-Rada, X.; Souilmi, Y.; Teixeira, J.C.; Llamas, B. Ancient DNA Studies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Genes 2020, 11, 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111346
Roca-Rada X, Souilmi Y, Teixeira JC, Llamas B. Ancient DNA Studies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. Genes. 2020; 11(11):1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111346
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoca-Rada, Xavier, Yassine Souilmi, João C. Teixeira, and Bastien Llamas. 2020. "Ancient DNA Studies in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica" Genes 11, no. 11: 1346. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111346