Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Functional Diversity in Salivary Glands of Plant Virus Vector, Graminella nigrifrons
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Insects
2.2. Total RNA Isolation and Library Preparation
2.3. Transcriptome Assembly and Differential Expression Analysis
2.4. Functional Annotation of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome
2.5. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for Expression Analysis in Maize-Fed vs. Starved Insects
3. Results
3.1. Deep Sequencing and Assembly of the Salivary Gland and Carcass Transcriptomes
3.2. Characterization of the Salivary Gland Transcriptome and its Predicted Proteome
3.3. Differential Expression of Transcripts Between the Salivary Glands and Carcass
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
References
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Assembly Parameters | Salivary Gland Transcriptome | Reference Transcriptome |
---|---|---|
Number of sequences | 69,641 | 136,865 |
Length of the sequences | 201–10,795 | 201–10,795 |
Number of bases | 37,960,148 | 81,773,441 |
Number of transcripts with an Open Reading Frame | 9102 | 22,283 |
N50 * | 701 | 822 |
GC content | 0.375 | 0.378 |
Enriched Molecular Function Gene Ontology | Contig ID | Putative Blast Description |
---|---|---|
Hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds | TRINITY_DN26981_c0_g1_i1 | DNA repair protein RAD50-like |
TRINITY_DN29993_c0_g1_i1 | Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 10D isoform X1 | |
TRINITY_DN16434_c1_g1_i1 | Acid phosphatase-1 | |
TRINITY_DN24127_c0_g1_i1 | Phosphatidyl glycerophosphatase and protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 | |
TRINITY_DN26134_c0_g3_i1 | Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2-like | |
Hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds | TRINITY_DN16637_c1_g1_i1 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 8-like |
TRINITY_DN26139_c0_g7_i1 | α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase | |
TRINITY_DN24554_c0_g1_i1 | Cellulose-binding protein | |
TRINITY_DN21305_c0_g1_i2 | Pre-mRNA branch site protein p14 | |
Chitin binding | TRINITY_DN18138_c0_g1_i1 | Chitin deacetylase 4 |
TRINITY_DN17883_c0_g1_i1 | Chitin deacetylase 3 | |
TRINITY_DN21305_c0_g1_i2 | Pre-mRNA branch site protein p14 | |
Peptidase activity | TRINITY_DN23314_c0_g1_i2 | Cathepsin L |
TRINITY_DN25538_c0_g1_i1 | Putative serine protease K12H4.7 | |
TRINITY_DN25934_c0_g1_i2 | Cathepsin B | |
TRINITY_DN19249_c1_g1_i1 | Putative GPI-anchor transamidase | |
TRINITY_DN24056_c0_g1_i1 | Calpain-A-like isoform X6 | |
TRINITY_DN24709_c0_g1_i1 | Cathepsin L | |
Cation binding | TRINITY_DN26981_c0_g1_i1 | DNA repair protein RAD50-like |
TRINITY_DN20367_c0_g1_i1 | Transferrin | |
TRINITY_DN24056_c0_g1_i1 | Calpain-A-like isoform X6 |
Contig ID | NCBI Reference Accession | Putative Identification | Log2 Fold Change | Padj | SignalP Prediction | Transmembrane Domain Prediction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cation binding | ||||||
TRINITY_DN29516_c0_g1_i1 | G9M8X1.1 | Calcium-binding protein SP84 (NcSP84) | 10.94 | 5E-11 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN35919_c0_g1_i1 | XP_031636025.1 | Annexin B9 isoform X1 | 10.15 | 2E-20 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN25027_c0_g1_i1 | XP_028676409.1 | Calmodulin, putative | 10.14 | 1E-29 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN22216_c0_g1_i1 | BBH63273.1 | Laccase-1 Ϯ | 10.01 | 4E-116 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN37325_c2_g6_i1 | XP_016201745.1 | Calmodulin-like protein 1 | 9.35 | 2E-10 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN37587_c0_g1_i4 | XP_012151393.1 | Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit α-2 | 9.23 | 2E-09 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN39232_c0_g12_i2 | XP_008555414.1 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme-like isoform X1 | 8.83 | 7E-11 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN33957_c0_g1_i1 | BAJ06131.1 | Laccase 1 isoform S | 8.57 | 3E-151 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN19685_c0_g1_i1 | KFM77473.1 | Calcium-binding protein E63-1 Ϯ | 8.38 | 2E-27 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN29669_c0_g1_i4 | XP_022202851.1 | EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 4A-like isoform X1 | 8.37 | 4E-05 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN38312_c0_g3_i1 | XP_026811683.1 | Carbonic anhydrase 2-like | 8.04 | 4E-14 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN29189_c0_g2_i1 | XP_026272268.1 | Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit α-1 | 7.91 | 6E-05 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN25200_c0_g1_i1 | XP_019167479.1 | Calcium-binding allergen Ole e 8-like | 7.39 | 5E-05 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN17761_c0_g1_i1 | XP_033736401.1 | Calmodulin-like protein 11 | 5.88 | 5E-04 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN13330_c0_g1_i1 | XP_008484676.1 | Uncharacterized protein K02A2.6-like, partial | 5.33 | 1E-01 | NO | NO |
Hydrolase activity (Ester bonds) | ||||||
TRINITY_DN38399_c0_g1_i1 | XP_022196409.1 | Protein 5NUC-like | 9.45 | 3E-19 | YES | YES |
TRINITY_DN35420_c0_g1_i4 | XP_014273713.1 | Alkaline ceramidase 3 | 8.34 | 4E-11 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN27013_c0_g1_i1 | XP_026275034.1 | Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase-like | 12.23 | 5E-18 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN27304_c0_g1_i2 | XP_022834705.1 | Phospholipase A1-like | 9.09 | 7E-14 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN36961_c0_g1_i2 | XP_028657491.1 | Deoxyribonuclease-2-α isoform X2 | 8.73 | 6E-11 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN39210_c0_g1_i1 | XP_008195535.1 | Inactive pancreatic lipase-related protein 1 | 8.33 | 3E-09 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN34634_c0_g2_i2 | XP_021935199.1 | Venom acid phosphatase Acph-1-like | 8.30 | 7E-28 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN40024_c0_g1_i2 | RZC33704.1 | Venom carboxylesterase-6-like | 8.17 | 3E-08 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN38228_c0_g1_i8 | XP_024867821.1 | Phospholipase A1 member A-like isoform X1 | 7.97 | 1E-07 | YES | NO |
Peptidase activity | ||||||
TRINITY_DN39232_c0_g8_i1 | XP_029977452.1 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme-like | 11.24 | 7E-17 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN39315_c0_g1_i1 | XP_030371519.1 | Aminopeptidase N-like | 9.80 | 8E-31 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN39232_c0_g12_i2 | XP_030751661.1 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme-like isoform X1 | 8.83 | 7E-11 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN33549_c0_g5_i6 | VVC42832.1 | Peptidase S1, PA clan, Serine proteases, trypsin domain | 8.46 | 8E-07 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN41406_c0_g4_i3 | XP_031337350.1 | Lysosomal aspartic protease-like | 8.10 | 2E-07 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN38080_c1_g7_i1 | XP_018910288.1 | Zinc metalloproteinase nas-13-like | 8.04 | 4E-06 | NO | NO |
TRINITY_DN41406_c0_g4_i1 | VTJ90797.1 | Hypothetical predicted protein | 7.58 | 3E-05 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN32600_c0_g1_i2 | XP_026203206.1 | Pepsin A-like | 6.70 | 5E-03 | YES | NO |
Others | ||||||
TRINITY_DN34735_c1_g5_i1 | BAQ94509.1 | NcSP19 Ϯ | 12.29 | 2E-115 | YES | YES |
TRINITY_DN37500_c0_g1_i1 | BAQ94503.1 | NcSP75 Ϯ | 9.31 | 4E-29 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN24271_c0_g1_i1 | BAQ94508.1 | NcSP22 | 10.77 | 2E-29 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN35988_c0_g2_i1 | WP_103338510.1 | Cellulase family glycosylhydrolase Ϯ | 8.90 | 2E-10 | YES | NO |
TRINITY_DN34815_c0_g1_i1 | RZF49131.1 | Unknown protein | 10.48 | 4E-12 | NO | - |
TRINITY_DN27409_c0_g3_i1 | XP_022196219.1 | Uncharacterized protein LOC111053608 | 10.29 | 3E-10 | NO | - |
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Rajarapu, S.P.; Bansal, R.; Mittapelly, P.; Michel, A. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Functional Diversity in Salivary Glands of Plant Virus Vector, Graminella nigrifrons. Genes 2020, 11, 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111289
Rajarapu SP, Bansal R, Mittapelly P, Michel A. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Functional Diversity in Salivary Glands of Plant Virus Vector, Graminella nigrifrons. Genes. 2020; 11(11):1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111289
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajarapu, Swapna Priya, Raman Bansal, Priyanka Mittapelly, and Andrew Michel. 2020. "Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Functional Diversity in Salivary Glands of Plant Virus Vector, Graminella nigrifrons" Genes 11, no. 11: 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111289