Cells 2014, 3(3), 848-864; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells3030848
Bacterial Effectors and Their Functions in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: Insight from the Modes of Substrate Recognition
1
Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai 4-6-1, Minato-ku 4-6-1, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
2
Picobiology Institute, Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1, Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 17 March 2014 / Revised: 12 July 2014 / Accepted: 21 July 2014 / Published: 18 August 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protein Ubiquitination)
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination plays indispensable roles in the regulation of cell homeostasis and pathogenesis of neoplastic, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Given the importance of this modification, it is to be expected that several pathogenic bacteria have developed the ability to utilize the host ubiquitin system for their own benefit. Modulation of the host ubiquitin system by bacterial effector proteins inhibits innate immune responses and hijacks central signaling pathways. Bacterial effectors mimic enzymes of the host ubiquitin system, but may or may not be structurally similar to the mammalian enzymes. Other effectors bind and modify components of the host ubiquitin system, and some are themselves subject to ubiquitination. This review will describe recent findings, based on structural analyses, regarding how pathogens use post-translational modifications of proteins to establish an infection. View Full-TextKeywords:
ubiquitin; effector; structure; pathogenic bacteria
▼
Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
Share & Cite This Article
MDPI and ACS Style
Kim, M.; Otsubo, R.; Morikawa, H.; Nishide, A.; Takagi, K.; Sasakawa, C.; Mizushima, T. Bacterial Effectors and Their Functions in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: Insight from the Modes of Substrate Recognition. Cells 2014, 3, 848-864.