Previous Article in Journal
The Role of Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Nephropathy
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Cells
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/cells15080702
cells-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Suppresses Proliferation and Migration and Modulates Mesenchymal-Associated Cellular Functions in Human Endometriotic Cells

by
Elif Karakoç
1,*,†,
Sezai Berkand Koçak
1,†,
Kevser Kişifli Köş
2,3,
Hülya Kayhan
2,
Eda Erdem Şahinkesen
4,
Cemil Can Eylem
5,
Ferda Topal Çelikkan
6,
Emirhan Nemutlu
5 and
Pergin Atilla
1
1
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
2
Art De Huile, Teknopol İstanbul, İstanbul 34930, Turkey
3
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiopathology, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
4
Department of Vaccine Technology, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
5
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
6
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Cells 2026, 15(8), 702; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080702
Submission received: 4 March 2026 / Revised: 5 April 2026 / Accepted: 6 April 2026 / Published: 15 April 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Basis of Gynecological Disorders and Associated Infertility)
Browse Figure
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

Endometriosis is characterized by enhanced cellular proliferation, migration, and resistance to apoptosis, contributing to lesion persistence and progression. Targeting cellular plasticity and mesenchymal-associated functions may therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the effects of Pelargonium graveolens essential oil (PGEO) on proliferation, apoptosis, migration, cytoskeletal organization, transcriptional regulation, and metabolic alterations in human endometriotic 12Z cells. PGEO treatment suppressed proliferative capacity in a concentration-dependent manner and significantly impaired cell migration, accompanied by reduced β-tubulin expression and decreased levels of mesenchymal-associated markers CD73 and CD105. Increased GRP78 expression together with ultrastructural alterations, including cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum changes, indicated activation of cellular stress responses. Although transcriptional analysis revealed increased CCND1 and PIK3CA mRNA levels, these changes did not parallel the observed suppression of proliferation, suggesting compensatory regulatory responses. Untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed alterations in energy metabolism characterized by increased levels of glycolysis-related metabolites, reduced levels of several amino acids including glutamine and histidine, and changes in lipid-associated metabolites. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that PGEO suppresses proliferative and migratory behavior in endometriotic cells while modulating cytoskeletal, transcriptional, and metabolic pathways, highlighting its potential as a candidate for further investigation in endometriosis-targeted therapeutic strategies.
Keywords: endometriosis; Pelargonium graveolens; proliferation; xCELLigence; migration; mesenchymal; apoptosis; organelle; electron microscopy; metabolomics endometriosis; Pelargonium graveolens; proliferation; xCELLigence; migration; mesenchymal; apoptosis; organelle; electron microscopy; metabolomics
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Karakoç, E.; Koçak, S.B.; Kişifli Köş, K.; Kayhan, H.; Erdem Şahinkesen, E.; Eylem, C.C.; Topal Çelikkan, F.; Nemutlu, E.; Atilla, P. Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Suppresses Proliferation and Migration and Modulates Mesenchymal-Associated Cellular Functions in Human Endometriotic Cells. Cells 2026, 15, 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080702

AMA Style

Karakoç E, Koçak SB, Kişifli Köş K, Kayhan H, Erdem Şahinkesen E, Eylem CC, Topal Çelikkan F, Nemutlu E, Atilla P. Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Suppresses Proliferation and Migration and Modulates Mesenchymal-Associated Cellular Functions in Human Endometriotic Cells. Cells. 2026; 15(8):702. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080702

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karakoç, Elif, Sezai Berkand Koçak, Kevser Kişifli Köş, Hülya Kayhan, Eda Erdem Şahinkesen, Cemil Can Eylem, Ferda Topal Çelikkan, Emirhan Nemutlu, and Pergin Atilla. 2026. "Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Suppresses Proliferation and Migration and Modulates Mesenchymal-Associated Cellular Functions in Human Endometriotic Cells" Cells 15, no. 8: 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080702

APA Style

Karakoç, E., Koçak, S. B., Kişifli Köş, K., Kayhan, H., Erdem Şahinkesen, E., Eylem, C. C., Topal Çelikkan, F., Nemutlu, E., & Atilla, P. (2026). Pelargonium graveolens Essential Oil Suppresses Proliferation and Migration and Modulates Mesenchymal-Associated Cellular Functions in Human Endometriotic Cells. Cells, 15(8), 702. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15080702

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop