Effect of Anticoagulants on Blood Cell Counts, Cell Morphology, and Leukocyte Immune Functions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Statement
2.2. Rainbow Trout Farming Conditions and Peripheral Blood Sampling
2.3. Evaluation of Blood Cell Count and Cell Morphology
2.4. Evaluation of Viability in Rainbow Trout Peripheral Blood Leukocytes (PBLs)
2.5. Evaluation of Phagocytosis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production in Rainbow Trout Peripheral Blood Leukocytes
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anticoagulants’ Effects on Blood Cell Counts and Cell Morphology
3.2. Anticoagulants’ Effects on Leukocyte Viability
3.3. Anticoagulant Effects’ on Basal ROS Levels in PBLs: Single Assay
3.4. Effect of Anticoagulants on Phagocytosis in PBLs: Single Assay
3.5. Effect of Anticoagulants on Phagocytosis and Phagocytosis-Related ROS Production in PBLs: The Flow Cytometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Combined Approach
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Li-Heparin | Lithium Heparin |
K3EDTA | Tripotassium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid |
ACD-A | Acid Citrate Dextrose Formula A |
ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
FDA | Food and Drugs Administration |
PBLs | Peripheral Blood Leukocytes |
diH2O | Deionized Water |
L15 | Leibovitz’s L15 |
FCS | Fetal Calf Serum |
FITC | Fluorescein Isothiocyanate |
APC | Allophycocyanin |
pHR | pHrodo |
DAPI | 4′,6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole |
RFU | Relative Fluorescence Unit |
IQR | Interquartile Range |
FSC | Forward Scatter |
SSC | Side Scatter |
MFI | Mean Fluorescence Intensity |
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ACD-A | K3EDTA | Li-Heparin | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | ||||
RBC (×106/mm3) | 1.07 ± 0.04 b | 1.13 ± 0.06 b | 1.64 ± 0.06 a | 0.0003 |
TBC (×104/mm3) | 3.78 ± 0.33 b | 4.48 ± 0.30 a | 4.51 ± 0.34 a | 0.008 |
WBC (×104/mm3) | 6.08 ± 0.14 a | 6.15 ± 0.19 a | 6.21 ± 0.15 a | 0.402 |
LC (×104/mm3) | 4.52 ± 0.2 a | 4.48 ± 0.34 a | 4.52 ± 0.16 a | 0.996 |
SL (×104/mm3) | 2.39 ± 0.17 a | 2.46 ± 0.13 a | 2.42 ± 0.09 a | 0.633 |
LL (×104/mm3) | 2.20 ± 0.12 a | 2.21 ± 0.10 a | 2.22 ± 0.11 a | 0.884 |
MON (×103/mm3) | 4.10 ± 0.07 a | 4.09 ± 0.13 a | 4.11 ± 0.09 a | 0.849 |
NEU (×104/mm3) | 1.12 ± 0.08 a | 1.11 ± 0.09 a | 1.07 ± 0.11 a | 0.738 |
EOS (×102/mm3) | 0.80 ± 0.01 a | 1.01 ± 0.01 a | 0.70 ± 0.01 a | 0.663 |
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De Iorio, T.; Scatà, M.C.; Grandoni, F.; De Matteis, G.; Martini, A.; Tonachella, N.; Pulcini, D.; Capoccioni, F. Effect of Anticoagulants on Blood Cell Counts, Cell Morphology, and Leukocyte Immune Functions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cells 2025, 14, 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14171372
De Iorio T, Scatà MC, Grandoni F, De Matteis G, Martini A, Tonachella N, Pulcini D, Capoccioni F. Effect of Anticoagulants on Blood Cell Counts, Cell Morphology, and Leukocyte Immune Functions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cells. 2025; 14(17):1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14171372
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Iorio, Teresina, Maria Carmela Scatà, Francesco Grandoni, Giovanna De Matteis, Arianna Martini, Nicolò Tonachella, Domitilla Pulcini, and Fabrizio Capoccioni. 2025. "Effect of Anticoagulants on Blood Cell Counts, Cell Morphology, and Leukocyte Immune Functions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)" Cells 14, no. 17: 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14171372
APA StyleDe Iorio, T., Scatà, M. C., Grandoni, F., De Matteis, G., Martini, A., Tonachella, N., Pulcini, D., & Capoccioni, F. (2025). Effect of Anticoagulants on Blood Cell Counts, Cell Morphology, and Leukocyte Immune Functions of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Cells, 14(17), 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14171372