IFN-γ and TNF Induce Senescence and a Distinct Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Melanoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Generation of Conditioned Media (CM)
2.3. Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) Staining
2.4. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Release Assay
2.5. In Vitro Growth Arrest Assay
2.6. Western Blot
2.7. Cell Cycle Analysis
2.8. RNA Isolation and cDNA Synthesis
2.9. qPCR Arrays
2.10. Proteome Profiler Arrays
2.11. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Senescence Induction in Melanoma Cells with Cytokines, Doxorubicin, and Palbociclib
3.2. Stable Induction of p21 in Melanoma Cells after Treatment with Cytokines and Doxorubicin, but Not with Palbociclib
3.3. Stable Cell Cycle Arrest Following Treatment with Cytokines, Doxorubicin, and Palbociclib
3.4. Cytokine-Induced Senescence in Melanoma Cells Leads to a Pronounced Secretion of Cytokines and Chemokines
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Cell Line | 96 h | 144 h |
---|---|---|
SK-MEL-28 | I+T: 0.0001 | I+T: 0.0001 |
Doxo: 0.0003 | Doxo: 0.0002 | |
Palbo: 0.0003 | Palbo: 0.0002 | |
WM115 | I+T: <0.0001 Doxo: <0.0001 Palbo: <0.0001 | I+T: <0.0001 Doxo: <0.0001 Palbo: <0.0001 |
Cell Line | Ctrl. | I+T | Doxo | Palbo |
---|---|---|---|---|
SK-MEL-28 | 15.64 (± 1.21) | 0.70 (± 0.04) | 1.45 (± 0.09) | 1.27 (± 0.04) |
WM115 | 18.26 (± 1.50) | 1.34 (± 0.08) | 1.50 (± 0.08) | 1.32 (± 0.04) |
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Cell Line | Passage | MC | I+T | DMSO | Doxo | Palbo |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SK-MEL-28 | −1 | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) |
0 | 6.90 (± 1.07) | 0.73 (± 0.19) | 6.05 (± 2.18) | 2.78 (± 0.18) | 1.05 (± 0.14) | |
1 | 30.53 (± 4.51) | 0.81 (± 0.13) | 30.28 (± 5.49) | 2.99 (± 1.82) | 1.37 (± 0.27) | |
2 | 260.41 (± 35.00) | 1.12 (± 0.12) | 244.28 (± 53.66) | 3.66 (± 0.37) | 1.84 (± 0.21) | |
WM115 | −1 | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) | 0.75 (± 0) |
0 | 8.07 (± 0.75) | 1.46 (± 0.12) | 7.39 (± 0.98) | 1.41 (± 0.57) | 1.04 (± 0.12) | |
1 | 39.15 (± 1.89) | 1.77 (± 0.15) | 34.64 (± 2.26) | 1.70 (± 0.77) | 1.35 (± 0.37) | |
2 | 232.01 (± 13.08) | 2.07 (± 0.50) | 237.77 (± 49.65) | 1.94 (± 0.76) | 1.64 (± 0.37) |
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Homann, L.; Rentschler, M.; Brenner, E.; Böhm, K.; Röcken, M.; Wieder, T. IFN-γ and TNF Induce Senescence and a Distinct Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Melanoma. Cells 2022, 11, 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091514
Homann L, Rentschler M, Brenner E, Böhm K, Röcken M, Wieder T. IFN-γ and TNF Induce Senescence and a Distinct Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Melanoma. Cells. 2022; 11(9):1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091514
Chicago/Turabian StyleHomann, Lorenzo, Maximilian Rentschler, Ellen Brenner, Katharina Böhm, Martin Röcken, and Thomas Wieder. 2022. "IFN-γ and TNF Induce Senescence and a Distinct Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Melanoma" Cells 11, no. 9: 1514. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11091514