The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Administration of Antibodies
2.3. Preparation for CGRP Release Measurements
2.4. Analysis of Released CGRP Concentration
2.5. Preparation for Meningeal Blood Flow Recordings
2.6. Meningeal Blood Flow Recordings
2.7. Data Processing and Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Tolerability of Treatments
3.2. Body Weight
3.3. CGRP Release from the Dura Mater
3.3.1. Exclusion of Antibody-Assay Interactions
3.3.2. Exclusion of Side Difference
3.3.3. Impact of Antibodies on CGRP Release
3.3.4. Impact of Treatment, Sex, and Waiting Time on Basal CGRP Release
3.3.5. Impact of Treatment, Sex, and Waiting Time on Stimulated CGRP Release
3.3.6. Additional Experiments with Longer Waiting Time
3.4. Meningeal Blood Flow
3.4.1. Basal Blood Flow
3.4.2. Stimulated Blood Flow
Stimulation with Acrolein
Stimulation with Low-Dose Capsaicin
Stimulation with High-Dose Capsaicin
4. Discussion
4.1. Sex Difference in CGRP Release
4.2. Where Do Anti-CGRP Antibodies Act?
4.3. Meningeal Blood Flow Induced by the Stimulation of TRP Receptors
4.4. Possible Effects of Anti-CGRP Antibodies beyond CGRP Neutralization
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dux, M.; Vogler, B.; Kuhn, A.; Mackenzie, K.D.; Stratton, J.; Messlinger, K. The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow. Cells 2022, 11, 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111768
Dux M, Vogler B, Kuhn A, Mackenzie KD, Stratton J, Messlinger K. The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow. Cells. 2022; 11(11):1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111768
Chicago/Turabian StyleDux, Mária, Birgit Vogler, Annette Kuhn, Kimberly D. Mackenzie, Jennifer Stratton, and Karl Messlinger. 2022. "The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow" Cells 11, no. 11: 1768. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111768