Is Cattle Manure Application with Plastic-Film Mulch a Good Choice for Potato Production?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site and Soil Properties
2.2. Experimental Treatments and Agronomic Practices
2.3. Plant and Tuber Sampling and Analysis
2.4. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.5. Soil Carbon Dioxide Gas Sampling and Analysis
2.6. Calculation and Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Air Temperature and Precipitation during Two Growing Seasons
3.2. Soil Inorganic Nitrogen Concentration
3.3. Soil Carbon Dioxide Concentration
3.4. Plant Height
3.5. Leaf Area Index
3.6. Irrigation, Tuber Yields, Potato Evapotranspiration and Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Season | Growth Stage | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sprout | Seedling | Tuber Initiation | Tuber Bulking | Tuber Maturity | ||
2017 | Date | 4/26–5/11 | 5/12–6/10 | 6/11–7/13 | 7/14–8/5 | 8/6–8/23 |
(°C) | 14.6 | 18.5 | 22.6 | 22 | 21.2 | |
(°C) | 1.5 | 6.3 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 11.4 | |
(°C) | 26.5 | 31.9 | 37.8 | 36.3 | 33.8 | |
Days 10 °C | 13 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Days 30 °C | 0 | 5 | 21 | 12 | 10 | |
Precipitation days | 2 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 7 | |
Precipitation (mm) | 2.6 | 33.6 | 12.4 | 57.6 | 18.6 | |
2018 | Date | 4/17–5/1 | 5/2–6/5 | 6/6–7/4 | 7/5–7/25 | 7/26–8/22 |
(°C) | 13.8 | 18.1 | 21.5 | 22.5 | 22.4 | |
(°C) | –1.8 | 2.8 | 7.9 | 11.4 | 13.0 | |
(°C) | 26.2 | 35.6 | 34.5 | 38.4 | 34.8 | |
Days 10 °C | 14 | 19 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Days 30 °C | 0 | 6 | 10 | 12 | 13 | |
Precipitation days | 1 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 8 | |
Precipitation (mm) | 12 | 4.6 | 13.6 | 23.2 | 89.6 |
Season | Treatment | Soil Nitrate Nitrogen | Soil Ammonium Nitrogen | Plant Height |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Soil surface treatment | NS 1 | NS | * |
Fertilizer | * | NS | * | |
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | NS | NS | |
2018 | Soil surface treatment | NS | NS | * |
Fertilizer | * | NS | * | |
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | NS | * |
Season | Treatment | Growth Stage | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Seedling | Tuber Initiation | Tuber Bulking | ||
2017 | Soil surface treatment | * 1 | NS | NS |
Fertilizer | NS | NS | NS | |
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | NS | NS | |
2018 | Soil surface treatment | * | * | * |
Fertilizer | NS | * | * | |
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | NS | * |
Season | Treatment | Soil Surface Treatment | Fertilizer | Irrigation (mm) | Yields (t ha−1) | ETc (mm) | WUE (kg m−3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | BM-IF | Black | Inorganic fertilizer | 397 | 100.0 ± 6.6a | 500 ± 11d | 20.0 ± 1.4a |
BM-CM | Cattle manure | 397 | 87.6 ± 7.2ab | 534 ± 5c | 16.4 ± 1.4bc | ||
TM-IF | Transparent | Inorganic fertilizer | 417 | 82.3 ± 1.9b | 548 ±2 b | 15.0 ± 0.4c | |
TM-CM | Cattle manure | 417 | 77.9 ± 0.4c | 562 ± 7a | 13.9 ± 0.2d | ||
NM-IF | Non-mulch | Inorganic fertilizer | 459 | 94.0 ± 3.5a | 560 ± 7ab | 16.8 ± 0.4b | |
NM-CM | Cattle manure | 459 | 76.3 ± 5.7c | 572 ± 5a | 13.4 ± 0.9d | ||
ANOVA | |||||||
Soil surface treatment | 1* | * | * | ||||
Fertilizer | * | * | * | ||||
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | * | NS | ||||
2018 | BM-IF | Black | Inorganic fertilizer | 396 | 82.7 ± 3.6a | 559 ± 11b | 15.4 ± 1.4a |
BM-CM | Cattle manure | 396 | 76.9 ± 1.3a | 590 ± 10a | 13.0 ± 0.1b | ||
NM-IF | Non-mulch | Inorganic fertilizer | 396 | 63.6 ± 1.0b | 555 ± 9.6b | 11.5 ± 2.0b | |
NM-CM | Cattle manure | 396 | 59.7 ± 3.4b | 577 ± 10ab | 10.5 ± 0.9b | ||
ANOVA | |||||||
Soil surface treatment | * | NS | * | ||||
Fertilizer | NS | * | NS | ||||
Soil surface treatment × fertilizer | NS | NS | NS |
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Meng, C.; Wang, F.; Engel, B.A.; Yang, K.; Zhang, Y. Is Cattle Manure Application with Plastic-Film Mulch a Good Choice for Potato Production? Agronomy 2019, 9, 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090534
Meng C, Wang F, Engel BA, Yang K, Zhang Y. Is Cattle Manure Application with Plastic-Film Mulch a Good Choice for Potato Production? Agronomy. 2019; 9(9):534. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090534
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeng, Chaobiao, Fengxin Wang, Bernard A. Engel, Kaijing Yang, and Youliang Zhang. 2019. "Is Cattle Manure Application with Plastic-Film Mulch a Good Choice for Potato Production?" Agronomy 9, no. 9: 534. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090534