Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Core-Collection Genotyping
2.3. Experimental Design and Growth Conditions
2.4. Plant Characterization
2.5. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Characterization of the WheatME Core Collection
3.2. Genotypic Characterization of the WheatME Core-Collection
3.3. Multi-Site Agronomic Performance of the WheatME Core-Collection
3.4. Dissection of Genotype × Environment Interactions
3.5. Phenotypic Variation between Genetic Clusters
4. Discussion
4.1. Characterizing the Genetic Space of the WheatME Core-Collection
4.2. Multi-Site Agronomic Setup Results in a Stress Gradient and Expose Landraces Agronomic Variability
5. Conclusions and Application for Breeding
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | Type | Irbid | Bet-Dagan | Til | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SE | Range | CV | Mean ± SE | Range | CV | Mean ± SE | Range | CV | ||
Chl (SPAD units) | MDC | 52.6 ± 0.4 | 9.1 | 4.9 | 48.6 ± 1.0 | 24.9 | 12.5 | 53.1 ± 0.8 | 21.9 | 9.8 |
Landraces | 49.8 ± 0.6 | 20.2 | 9.6 | 46.3 ± 0.8 | 28.7 | 14.0 | 49.5 ± 0.8 | 31.4 | 13.0 | |
CT-H (°C) | MDC | 29.3 ± 0.2 | 5.1 | 4.3 | 17.7 ± 0.2 | 4.8 | 8.2 | 20.8 ± 0.2 | 5.9 | 6.7 |
Landraces | 29.3 ± 0.2 | 7.3 | 5.1 | 17.3 ± 0.1 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 21.5 ± 0.1 | 4.5 | 5.2 | |
CT-M (°C) | MDC | 21.7 ± 0.3 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 31.0 ± 0.4 | 9.6 | 7.6 | 28.2 ± 0.3 | 7.6 | 5.6 |
Landraces | 21.0 ± 0.2 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 30.2 ± 0.2 | 7.7 | 6.3 | 28.9 ± 0.2 | 9.3 | 6.3 | |
DH (days) | MDC | 77.1 ± 0.5 | 13.0 | 3.8 | 79.2 ± 1.6 | 65.0 | 12.4 | 84.8 ± 1.1 | 29.0 | 8.2 |
Landraces | 81.0 ± 0.5 | 23.0 | 5.4 | 83.5 ± 0.9 | 35.0 | 9.1 | 92.0 ± 0.9 | 21.0 | 8.3 | |
CL (cm) | MDC | 53.1 ± 1.4 | 44.0 | 16.7 | 87.1 ± 3.2 | 77.0 | 22.7 | 75.4 ± 1.0 | 31.3 | 8.6 |
Landraces | 69.0 ± 1.4 | 48.0 | 16.6 | 109.8 ± 2.7 | 88.0 | 20.4 | 91.8 ± 1.4 | 67.7 | 13.0 | |
TDM (g) | MDC | 78.8 ± 3.3 | 111.8 | 26.4 | 57.6 ± 4.2 | 107.0 | 38.3 | 182.9 ± 4.8 | 215.7 | 16.4 |
Landraces | 96.9 ± 2.2 | 104.2 | 19.1 | 81.2 ± 3.1 | 96.0 | 27.7 | 178.8 ± 1.9 | 107.6 | 8.8 | |
GY (g) | MDC | 32.6 ± 1.8 | 49.6 | 34.5 | 48.9 ± 3.6 | 112.9 | 45.0 | 82.6 ± 2.9 | 67.9 | 22.1 |
Landraces | 37.5 ± 1.1 | 48.1 | 24.2 | 52.3 ± 2.6 | 128.3 | 41.0 | 51.9 ± 2.6 | 100.4 | 41.2 | |
TKW (g) | MDC | 36.2 ± 1.2 | 31.0 | 21.3 | 36.3 ± 1.3 | 53.3 | 22.9 | 40.1 ± 1.1 | 31.8 | 16.2 |
Landraces | 39.8 ± 0.8 | 32.4 | 15.9 | 39.4 ± 0.8 | 30.6 | 17.2 | 40.1 ± 1.0 | 40.8 | 20.3 | |
HI | MDC | 0.3 ± 0 | 0.1 | 11.8 | 0.5 ± 0 | 0.5 | 25.5 | 0.3 ± 0 | 0.3 | 17.0 |
Landraces | 0.3 ± 0 | 0.1 | 10.7 | 0.4 ± 0 | 0.4 | 25.6 | 0.2 ± 0 | 0.4 | 34.2 |
Source of Variance | d.f. 1 | Mean Square | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chl | CT-H | CT-M | DH | CL | TDM | GY | TKW | HI | ||
Environment (E) | 2 | 490.5 *** | 3982.4 *** | 2586.1 *** | 2845.2 *** | 40233.1 *** | 33,0092.0 *** | 20,340.5 *** | 96.4 *** | 0.722 *** |
Genotype (G) | 35 | 103.2 *** | 1.9 | 4.1 | 223.2 *** | 1636.2 *** | 918.9 *** | 1007.3 *** | 128.4 *** | 0.010 *** |
G × E | 70 | 37.4 *** | 1.5 n.s. | 3.3 n.s. | 75.7 *** | 262.7 *** | 649.6 ** | 742.4 *** | 99.9 *** | 0.008 *** |
R2 | 0.63 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 0.82 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.77 | 0.72 | 0.82 |
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Abu-Zaitoun, S.Y.; Chandrasekhar, K.; Assili, S.; Shtaya, M.J.; Jamous, R.M.; Mallah, O.B.; Nashef, K.; Sela, H.; Distelfeld, A.; Alhajaj, N.; et al. Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate. Agronomy 2018, 8, 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100233
Abu-Zaitoun SY, Chandrasekhar K, Assili S, Shtaya MJ, Jamous RM, Mallah OB, Nashef K, Sela H, Distelfeld A, Alhajaj N, et al. Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate. Agronomy. 2018; 8(10):233. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100233
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbu-Zaitoun, Salam Y., Kottakota Chandrasekhar, Siwar Assili, Munqez J. Shtaya, Rana M. Jamous, Omar B. Mallah, Kamal Nashef, Hanan Sela, Assaf Distelfeld, Nawal Alhajaj, and et al. 2018. "Unlocking the Genetic Diversity within A Middle-East Panel of Durum Wheat Landraces for Adaptation to Semi-arid Climate" Agronomy 8, no. 10: 233. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8100233