Efficiency of Phosphorus Use in Sunflower
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Location and Characterization of the Experimental Area
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Implementation and Conduct of the Experiment
2.4. Response Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Productivity of Achenes
3.2. Agronomic Efficiency (AE)
3.3. Physiological Efficiency (PE)
3.4. Agrophysiological Efficiency (APE)
3.5. Apparent Recovery Efficiency (ARE)
3.6. Utilization Efficiency (UE)
4. Discussion
4.1. Agronomic Efficiency (AE)
4.2. Physiological Efficiency (PE)
4.3. Agrophysiological Efficiency (APE)
4.4. Apparent Recovery Efficiency (ARE)
4.5. Utilization Efficiency (UE)
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Agronomic Efficiency in the 2016 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 29.03 a | 26.46 a | 12.66 a | 12.06 a |
Altis 99 | 23.63 b | 22.87 b | 14.55 a | 13.34 a |
BRS 122 | 16.65 c | 10.44 c | 4.67 b | 5.64 b |
Agronomic Efficiency in the 2017 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 12.28 a | 10.52 a | 7.42 a | 4.24 a |
Altis 99 | 3.09 b | 1.97 b | 3.47 c | 2.38 b |
BRS 122 | 0.02 c | 2.83 b | 5.21 b | 4.59 a |
Physiological Efficiency in the 2016 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 105.29 ab | 84.58 a | 68.38 b | 47.81 b |
Altis 99 | 128.69 a | 99.85 a | 97.94 a | 91.22 a |
BRS 122 | 95.27 b | 80.51 a | 60.87 b | 56.62 b |
Physiological Efficiency in the 2017 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 88.81 b | 67.77 a | 107.81 a | 67.48 a |
Altis 99 | 315.02 a | 102.27 a | 111.80 a | 106.12 a |
BRS 122 | 78.51 b | 45.12 a | 76.32 a | 55.82 a |
Dose of P2O5 | Grow Crops | 1st Agricultural Crop | 2nd Agricultural Crop |
---|---|---|---|
50 kg ha−1 | Aguará 06 | 58.44 aA | 29.59 aB |
Altis 99 | 26.82 bA | 33.40 aA | |
BRS 122 | 40.47 bA | 0.00 bB | |
100 kg ha−1 | Aguará 06 | 51.08 aA | 37.35 aA |
Altis 99 | 43.75 aA | 7.76 bB | |
BRS 122 | 25.09 bA | 27.58 aA | |
150 kg ha−1 | Aguará 06 | 72.07 aA | 65.07 aA |
Altis 99 | 43.93 bA | 23.63 cB | |
BRS 122 | 14.80 cB | 46.12 bA | |
200 kg ha−1 | Aguará 06 | 50.59 aA | 21.05 bB |
Altis 99 | 54.76 aA | 30.71 bB | |
BRS 122 | 40.51 aA | 49.17 aA |
Dose of P2O5 | Grow Crops | 1st Agricultural Crop | 2nd Agricultural Crop |
---|---|---|---|
50 kg ha−1 | Altis 99 | 54.22 bA | 42.38 aB |
BRS 122 | 91.21 aA | 9.83 bB | |
Aguará 06 | 45.01 bA | 42.45 aA | |
100 kg ha−1 | Altis 99 | 54.00 aA | 28.39 aB |
BRS 122 | 53.43 aA | 28.11 aB | |
Aguará 06 | 44.72 aA | 10.97 bB | |
150 kg ha−1 | Altis 99 | 17.71 bA | 11.88 aA |
BRS 122 | 33.57 aA | 14.76 aB | |
Aguará 06 | 31.85 aA | 11.63 aB | |
200 kg ha−1 | Altis 99 | 24.12 aA | 20.57 aA |
BRS 122 | 24.70 aA | 8.03 bB | |
Aguará 06 | 14.15 aA | 9.74 abA |
Utilization Efficiency in the 2016 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 53.46 b | 45.40 ab | 11.90 b | 11.47 ab |
Altis 99 | 115.67 a | 52.75 a | 32.54 a | 22.37 a |
BRS 122 | 41.99 b | 36.34 b | 19.31 b | 7.84 b |
Utilization Efficiency in the 2017 Agricultural Harvest | ||||
Grow Crops | Phosphorus Dose (kg ha−1) | |||
50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | |
Aguará 06 | 36.90 a | 19.16 b | 12.46 b | 13.66 a |
Altis 99 | 24.16 c | 28.09 a | 16.50 a | 8.39 b |
BRS 122 | 30.59 b | 5.00 c | 8.73 b | 5.35 b |
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de Oliveira, A.K.S.; Soares, E.B.; dos Santos, M.G.; Lins, H.A.; de Freitas Souza, M.; dos Santos Coêlho, E.; Silveira, L.M.; Mendonça, V.; Barros Júnior, A.P.; de Araújo Rangel Lopes, W. Efficiency of Phosphorus Use in Sunflower. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071558
de Oliveira AKS, Soares EB, dos Santos MG, Lins HA, de Freitas Souza M, dos Santos Coêlho E, Silveira LM, Mendonça V, Barros Júnior AP, de Araújo Rangel Lopes W. Efficiency of Phosphorus Use in Sunflower. Agronomy. 2022; 12(7):1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071558
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Oliveira, Anna Kézia Soares, Enielson Bezerra Soares, Manoel Galdino dos Santos, Hamurábi Anizio Lins, Matheus de Freitas Souza, Ester dos Santos Coêlho, Lindomar Maria Silveira, Vander Mendonça, Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior, and Welder de Araújo Rangel Lopes. 2022. "Efficiency of Phosphorus Use in Sunflower" Agronomy 12, no. 7: 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071558