Insights into Long-Term Acclimation Strategies of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Multi-Decadal Cyclical Drought
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Drought Cycles
2.3. Midday Stem Water Potential (ψs) and Leaf Gas Exchange Measurements
2.4. Chlorophyll Fluorescence
2.5. Abscisic Acid (ABA) Quantification
2.6. Analysis of the Activity of Antioxidative Enzymes
2.7. Quantification of GABA
2.8. Gene Expression Analysis by Quantitative Real-Time PCR
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Variations in Soil Moisture Depletion during Two Dehydration Cycles
3.2. Effect of Differential Mid-Day Stem Water Potential (Ψs) and Gas Exchange on Photosynthetic Performances of Dry-Farmed Clonal Progenies under Multiple Drought Events
3.3. Variations in Non-Stomatal Limitations in Dry-Farmed Cabernet Clonal Progenies under Drought Stress
3.4. Water Stress-Induced Changes in Expression of AQPs (VvTIP2;1 and VvPIP1;1) in Leaves
3.5. Drought-Mediated Changes in ROS Detoxification
3.6. Variations in ABA in the Xylem Sap (ABAxyl) and GABA Accumulation in Leaf Tissues
4. Discussion
4.1. Differential Water Transport Capacities of Grapevine Clones under Drought Stress
4.2. Differential Stomatal Regulatory Mechanisms Exist in Dry-Farmed and Commercial Grapevine Clones under Drought
4.3. Effect of Differential Hydraulic, Stomatal and Non-Stomatal Regulatory Mechanisms on Photosynthetic Performance of Dry-Farmed Clones
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cycle 1 | Cycle 2 | |
---|---|---|
Average Maximum Temperature (°C) | 33.9 | 34.2 |
Average Minimum Temperature (°C) | 12.2 | 12.6 |
Average Maximum Relative Humidity (%) | 74.2 | 64.2 |
Average Minimum Relative Humidity (%) | 22.5 | 16.8 |
Average Maximum VPD (kPa) | 1.4 | 1.9 |
Average Minimum VPD (kPa) | 1.1 | 1.2 |
Light Intensity (μmol m−2 s−1) | 150 | 150 |
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Nagahatenna, D.S.K.; Furlan, T.S.; Edwards, E.J.; Ramesh, S.A.; Pagay, V. Insights into Long-Term Acclimation Strategies of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Multi-Decadal Cyclical Drought. Agronomy 2022, 12, 3221. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123221
Nagahatenna DSK, Furlan TS, Edwards EJ, Ramesh SA, Pagay V. Insights into Long-Term Acclimation Strategies of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Multi-Decadal Cyclical Drought. Agronomy. 2022; 12(12):3221. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123221
Chicago/Turabian StyleNagahatenna, Dilrukshi S. K., Tarita S. Furlan, Everard J. Edwards, Sunita A. Ramesh, and Vinay Pagay. 2022. "Insights into Long-Term Acclimation Strategies of Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in Response to Multi-Decadal Cyclical Drought" Agronomy 12, no. 12: 3221. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123221