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Agronomy
Volume 11
Issue 5
10.3390/agronomy11050817
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Article

Optimizing Biocontrol Activity of Paenibacillus xylanexedens for Management of Hairy Root Disease in Tomato Grown in Hydroponic Greenhouses

by
Pablo Vargas
1,2,†,
Lien Bosmans
3,†,
Stefan Van Kerckhove
4,
Bart Van Calenberge
5,
Jos M. Raaijmakers
6,
Bart Lievens
1,2 and
Hans Rediers
1,2,*
1
CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
2
Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
3
Research Station Hoogstraten, Voort 71, B-2328 Meerle (Hoogstraten), Belgium
4
Scientia Terrae, Fortsesteenweg 30A, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
5
Research Station for Vegetable Production, Duffelsesteenweg 101, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
6
Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO), Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Imre J. Holb
Agronomy 2021, 11(5), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050817
Received: 30 March 2021 / Revised: 16 April 2021 / Accepted: 19 April 2021 / Published: 21 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Root Diseases and Integrated Pest Management)
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Abstract

Hairy root disease (HRD) caused by rhizogenic Agrobacterium biovar 1 strains affect tomato, cucumber, eggplant, and bell pepper grown in hydroponic greenhouses and can cause considerable yield losses worldwide. Recently, Paenibacillus xylanexedens strains (ST15.15/027 and AD117) with antagonistic activity against rhizogenic agrobacteria were identified. In this study, we present results of greenhouse trials of two consecutive growing seasons (2019 and 2020) to examine the potential of these two biocontrol organisms (BCOs) under practical conditions. BCO-treatment at a 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL density resulted in a considerable reduction of the HRD infestation rate, confirming the biocontrol potential of the two P. xylanexedens strains. Results revealed that a single BCO strain (ST15.15/027) performed equally well as the mixed inoculum of both strains. The same level of biocontrol activity was even achieved when the BCO inoculum density was reduced to 105 CFU/mL. qPCR analysis further showed that Paenibacillus was still present in rockwool substrate near the end of both trials, indicating that they persist well in a rockwool environment and that application at the start of the trial is sufficient to protect tomato plants until the end of the trial. Altogether, these results are highly valuable for further optimization and exploitation of P. xylanexedens as a biocontrol product for the control of HRD in hydroponic greenhouses. View Full-Text
Keywords: biological control organism (BCO); greenhouse hydroponics; hairy root disease (HRD); Paenibacillus; rhizogenic Agrobacterium; rockwool biological control organism (BCO); greenhouse hydroponics; hairy root disease (HRD); Paenibacillus; rhizogenic Agrobacterium; rockwool
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Vargas, P.; Bosmans, L.; Van Kerckhove, S.; Van Calenberge, B.; Raaijmakers, J.M.; Lievens, B.; Rediers, H. Optimizing Biocontrol Activity of Paenibacillus xylanexedens for Management of Hairy Root Disease in Tomato Grown in Hydroponic Greenhouses. Agronomy 2021, 11, 817. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050817

AMA Style

Vargas P, Bosmans L, Van Kerckhove S, Van Calenberge B, Raaijmakers JM, Lievens B, Rediers H. Optimizing Biocontrol Activity of Paenibacillus xylanexedens for Management of Hairy Root Disease in Tomato Grown in Hydroponic Greenhouses. Agronomy. 2021; 11(5):817. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050817

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vargas, Pablo, Lien Bosmans, Stefan Van Kerckhove, Bart Van Calenberge, Jos M. Raaijmakers, Bart Lievens, and Hans Rediers. 2021. "Optimizing Biocontrol Activity of Paenibacillus xylanexedens for Management of Hairy Root Disease in Tomato Grown in Hydroponic Greenhouses" Agronomy 11, no. 5: 817. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050817

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