Cultivar Dependent Impact on Yield and Its Components of Young Almond Trees under Sustained-Deficit Irrigation in Semi-Arid Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Site
2.2. Irrigation Treatments
2.3. Plant Measurements
2.4. Experimental Design and Stadistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physiological Response to Water Stress
3.2. Nut Yield and Irrigation-Water Productivity (IWP)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Year (2018) | Second Year (2019) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
SIleaf | SIgs | SIleaf | SIgs | |
ANOVA | (MPa·day) | (mmol m−2 s−1·day) | (MPa·day) | (mmol m−2 s−1·day) |
Irrigation | ns | ns | ns | * |
Cultivar | * | * | * | ** |
Irrigation × cultivar | ns | ns | * | * |
Tukey multiple range test | ||||
Irrigation | ||||
FI | 198.7a | 3069a | 188.7a | 3136a |
SDI75 | 199.4a | 3071a | 197.9a | 3426ab |
SDI65 | 197.9a | 3152a | 199.6a | 3758b |
Cultivar | ||||
Marta | 189.6b | 2301b | 187.8b | 2651b |
Lauranne | 201.6a | 3685a | 194.3ab | 4127a |
Guara | 204.7a | 3306a | 204.1a | 3532a |
Irrigation × cultivar | ||||
cv. Marta | ||||
FI | 190.9a | 2174a | 178.8d | 3005b |
SDI75 | 189.8a | 2306a | 187.6c | 2874b |
SDI65 | 188.2a | 2422a | 197.2ab | 2075c |
cv. Lauranne | ||||
FI | 201.9b | 3784b | 193.9bc | 4151a |
SDI75 | 202.9b | 3633b | 197.7ab | 4023a |
SDI65 | 200.2b | 3639b | 191.3c | 4207a |
cv. Guara | ||||
FI | 203.3b | 3249b | 193.5bc | 4089a |
SDI75 | 205.5b | 3276b | 208.5a | 3381b |
SDI65 | 205.4b | 3395b | 210.2a | 3127b |
Cultivar | First Year (2018) | Second Year (2019) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FI | SDI75 | SDI65 | FI | SDI75 | SDI65 | |
Kernel yield (kg ha−1) | ||||||
Guara | 1929a | 1659b | 1704b | 2254a | 2081ab | 1871b |
Marta | 1933a | 1677b | 1775b | 2218a | 2209a | 2243a |
Lauranne | 2349a | 2343a | 2241a | 2326a | 2105a | 2196a |
Ratio (kernel/nut) | ||||||
Guara | 0.41a | 0.41a | 0.41a | 0.34a | 0.39b | 0.37b |
Marta | 0.32a | 0.31a | 0.33a | 0.34a | 0.34a | 0.34a |
Lauranne | 0.36a | 0.36a | 0.36a | 0.33a | 0.33a | 0.32a |
Kernel unit weight (g) | ||||||
Guara | 1.40a | 1.40a | 1.41a | 0.99b | 1.00b | 1.22a |
Marta | 1.31a | 1.37b | 1.33a | 1.21a | 1.18a | 1.18a |
Lauranne | 1.12a | 1.13a | 1.13a | 1.03a | 1.05a | 1.08a |
Fruits number tree−1 | ||||||
Guara | 6611a | 5688b | 5801b | 10930a | 9989ab | 7363b |
Marta | 7083a | 5875b | 6407ab | 8799a | 8984a | 9125a |
Lauranne | 10068a | 9952a | 9519a | 10828a | 9621b | 9758b |
Cultivar | First Year (2018) | Second Year (2019) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kg·m−3) | ||||||
FI | SDI75 | SDI65 | FI | SDI75 | SDI65 | |
Guara | 0.39c | 0.45b | 0.51a | 0.29b | 0.36a | 0.36a |
Marta | 0.39c | 0.45b | 0.53a | 0.29b | 0.34b | 0.44a |
Lauranne | 0.47b | 0.63a | 0.67a | 0.30b | 0.37ab | 0.43a |
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Gutiérrez-Gordillo, S.; Durán Zuazo, V.H.; Hernández-Santana, V.; Ferrera Gil, F.; García Escalera, A.; Amores-Agüera, J.J.; García-Tejero, I.F. Cultivar Dependent Impact on Yield and Its Components of Young Almond Trees under Sustained-Deficit Irrigation in Semi-Arid Environments. Agronomy 2020, 10, 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050733
Gutiérrez-Gordillo S, Durán Zuazo VH, Hernández-Santana V, Ferrera Gil F, García Escalera A, Amores-Agüera JJ, García-Tejero IF. Cultivar Dependent Impact on Yield and Its Components of Young Almond Trees under Sustained-Deficit Irrigation in Semi-Arid Environments. Agronomy. 2020; 10(5):733. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050733
Chicago/Turabian StyleGutiérrez-Gordillo, Saray, Víctor Hugo Durán Zuazo, Virginia Hernández-Santana, Fernando Ferrera Gil, Amelia García Escalera, José Juan Amores-Agüera, and Iván Francisco García-Tejero. 2020. "Cultivar Dependent Impact on Yield and Its Components of Young Almond Trees under Sustained-Deficit Irrigation in Semi-Arid Environments" Agronomy 10, no. 5: 733. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050733