Relationship between Stalk and Cob Mechanical Strength during the Late Growth Stage of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Sampling and Measurements
- (1)
- Sampling Date
- (2)
- Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength
- (3)
- Cob Short-Span Bending Strength
- (4)
- Stalk Lodging Rate
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength
3.2. Cob Short-Span Bending Strength
3.3. Relationship between Stalk and Cob Short-Span Bending Strength
3.4. Classification of Maize Cultivars
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Maize Season | Experimental Site | Number of Cultivars | Cultivars |
---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Summer maize | Xinxiang, Henan | 28 | Liaodan 585 (LD585), Liaodan 586 (LD586), Liaodan 575 (LD575), MC670, Zeyu 501 (ZY501), Zeyu 8911 (ZY8911), Jidan66 (JD66), Dongdan 913 (DD913), Yufeng 303 (YF303), Zhongkeyu 505 (ZKY505), Lianchuang 808 (LC808), Lianchuang 825 (LC825), Jintong 152 (JT152), Nonghua 5 (NH5), Nonghua 816 (NH816), Hengyu 898 (HY898), Dika 517 (DK517), Dika 653 (DK653), Xindan 58 (XD58), Xindan 65 (XD65), Xindan 68 (XD68), Shandan 636 (SD636), Shandan 650 (SD650), Yuyu 30 (YY30), Lidan 295 (LD295), LA505, Beidou 309 (BD309), Yudan 9953 (YD9953) |
2018 | Summer maize | Xinxiang, Henan | 8 | Fengken 139 (FK139), JNK728, ZD958, DK517, DK653, Hetian 1 (HT1), ZY8911, Xianyu 335 (XY335) |
Summer maize | Beijing | 9 | JD66, JNK728, DK517, FK139, XY335, LC825, ZD958, LD295, ZY8911 | |
Spring maize | Qitai, Xinjiang | 23 | MC278, KWS2030, KX9384, ZP191, BD309, Bixin 101 (BX101), Denghai 105 (DH105), Denghai 177 (DH177), Denghai 1888 (DH1888), Denghai 515 (DH515), Denghai 551 (DH551), DD913, Jidan 588 (JD588), Jiuyu M03 (JYM03), LD575, Ningdan13 (ND13), Nonghua 106 (NH106), Shandan 620 (SD620), SD650, Youqi 909 (YQ909), ZY8911, Zhenjin 308 (ZJ308), Zhengtai 101 (ZT101) | |
Spring maize | Yinchuan, Ningxia | 25 | Denghai 786 (DH786), KX9384, Huamei 1 (HM1), Yinyu 274 (YY274), Yinyu 439 (YY439), Denghai 769 (DH769), JD66, Nonghua 213 (NH213), LD295, LD575, SD620, Dongdan (DD1331), Fuyou (FY968), LC825, DK517, LD585, XY335, DK519, SD650, ZD958, M751, Demeiya 1 (DMY1), Jiushenghe (JSH692), Xinyu 47 (XY47), Zengyu (ZY1572) |
Year | Experimental Site | Measurement Date | |
---|---|---|---|
Stalk Bending Strength | Cob Bending Strength | ||
2017 | Xinxiang, Henan | 21 October, 1 November, 10 November, 21 November, 02 Dec | 6 October, 16 October, 27 October, 10 November, 25 November |
2018 | Xinxiang, Henan | 16 September, 23 September, 30 September, 7 October, 14 October, 27 October | |
Beijing | 10 November | ||
Qitai, Xinjiang | 8 October, 17 October | ||
Yinchuan, Ningxia | 8 October, 17 October, 27 October |
Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 October | 01 November | 10 November | 21 November | 02 Dec | 12 Dec | ||
Cob short-span bending strength | 16 October | −0.390 * | −0.266 | −0.228 | −0.112 | −0.063 | −0.017 |
28 October | −0.287 | −0.173 | −0.175 | −0.240 | −0.221 | −0.198 | |
10 November | −0.114 | 0.009 | 0.072 | −0.017 | −0.050 | −0.078 | |
25 November | −0.372 | −0.285 | −0.168 | −0.242 | −0.324 | −0.298 |
Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
16 September | 23 September | 30 September | 7 October | 14 October | 27 October | ||
Cob short-span bending strength | 16 September | −0.31 | −0.248 | –0.358 | −0.499 | −0.338 | −0.194 |
23 September | −0.411 | −0.238 | –0.478 | −0.614 | 0.01 | −0.446 | |
30 September | −0.352 | −0.172 | –0.403 | −0.508 | 0.007 | −0.384 | |
7 October | −0.479 | −0.424 | –0.565 | −0.583 | 0.474 | −0.148 | |
14 October | −0.114 | −0.587 | −0.466 | −0.498 | −0.666 | 0.002 | |
27 October | −0.306 | 0.12 | −0.105 | −0.178 | −0.075 | 0.251 |
Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength | |||
---|---|---|---|
8 October | 17 October | ||
Cob short-span bending strength | 8 October | 0.161 | 0.142 |
17 October | 0.153 | 0.144 |
Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
8 October | 17 October | 27 October | ||
Cob short-span bending strength | 8 October | 0.015 | −0.030 | −0.047 |
17 October | 0.014 | −0.056 | 0.001 | |
27 October | −0.030 | −0.068 | 0.149 |
Experimental Site | Cultivar | Equation | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
Xinxiang | XY335 | Y = 0.4138X + 160.7 | 0.3581 ** |
ZD958 | Y = 0.3347X + 133.82 | 0.2735 ** | |
JNK728 | Y = 1.4855X + 36.067 | 0.4381 ** | |
DK517 | Y = 0.4248X + 111.97 | 0.3775 ** | |
Beijing | ZD958 | Y = 0.2671X + 101.59 | 0.3661 ** |
JNK728 | Y = 0.8127X + 142.71 | 0.5346 ** |
Year | Experimental Site and Date | Classification | Cultivar | Number of Cultivars | Average Stalk Short-Span Bending Strength (N) | Average Cob Short-Span Bending Strength (N) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2017 | Xinxiang (n = 28) 16 October | I | LD586, JD66, DD913, YD9953, ZY501, MC670, SD650, ZY8911, JT152, XD68, YY30, LA505, NH816, BD309, YF303, NH5, | 16 | 167.3 | 173.2 |
II | LD585, LD575 | 2 | 189.8 | 232.0 | ||
III | HY898, DK517, LD295, SD636 | 4 | 195.4 | 127.4 | ||
IV | LC808, XD58, LC825 | 3 | 223.0 | 179.6 | ||
V | DK653 | 1 | 252.3 | 90.0 | ||
VI | ZKY505, XD65 | 2 | 288.0 | 138.0 | ||
2018 | Qitai (n = 23) 17 October | I | ZY8911, ZJ308, DH1888, DH177, DH515, BX101, NH106, KX9384, SD620 | 9 | 105.8 | 151.6 |
II | YQ909, LD575, BD309, JD588, KWS2030, DH105, DH551, MC278 | 8 | 108.3 | 239.6 | ||
III | DD913, SD650 | 2 | 133.0 | 291.0 | ||
IV | ZT101, ZP191, | 2 | 149.9 | 196.7 | ||
V | ND13 | 1 | 175.3 | 158.2 | ||
VI | JYM03 | 1 | 212.1 | 232.9 | ||
Yinchuan (n = 25) 17 October | I | HM1, NH213, DH786, ZD958, DH769, | 5 | 129.7 | 137.2 | |
II | KWS9384, XY47, SD620, SD650, LD585, LC825, ZY1572, JSH692, XY335, DMY1, | 10 | 143.0 | 229.8 | ||
III | LD575, FY968, JD66 | 3 | 153.1 | 336.3 | ||
IV | LD295, M751, DK517, DK519, | 4 | 185.7 | 115.8 | ||
V | DD1331, YY439 | 2 | 241.2 | 240.0 | ||
VI | YY274 | 1 | 266.4 | 141.1 |
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Xue, J.; Wang, Q.; Li, H.; Fan, Y.; Li, L.; Xie, R.; Wang, K.; Ming, B.; Hou, P.; Li, S. Relationship between Stalk and Cob Mechanical Strength during the Late Growth Stage of Maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy 2020, 10, 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101592
Xue J, Wang Q, Li H, Fan Y, Li L, Xie R, Wang K, Ming B, Hou P, Li S. Relationship between Stalk and Cob Mechanical Strength during the Late Growth Stage of Maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101592
Chicago/Turabian StyleXue, Jun, Qun Wang, Hongyan Li, Yinghu Fan, Lulu Li, Ruizhi Xie, Keru Wang, Bo Ming, Peng Hou, and Shaokun Li. 2020. "Relationship between Stalk and Cob Mechanical Strength during the Late Growth Stage of Maize (Zea mays L.)" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1592. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101592