Distribution of Pigeon Pea Cyst Nematode and Root-Knot Nematodes in Major Sesame Growing Areas in Myanmar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Description of the Soil Sampling Sites and the Sesame-Based Cropping
2.2. Soil Sampling
2.3. Nematode Quantification
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nematode Species for Sequence Comparison (Accession No.) | Sequences (5′–3′) in the Positions of Specific Primer Set | |
---|---|---|
Forward (Mel-f) | Reverse (Mel-r) | |
Meloidogyne chitwoodi KP901059 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. enterolobii MN661336 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. ethiopica LN626932 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. exigua AF442200 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. floridensis AY942621 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. graminicola MK301102 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. graminis KP901056 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. hapla MH011983 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. incognita MN661338 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. mayaguensis AY942629 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. paranaensis AY942622 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. aberrans MF278756 | ATCA-ACCT--GATGGTAGCATAAAC | CTCG---TGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. ichinohei EU669953 | ATCATACTT--GATGTTAGTATCAGT | CTCG---TACCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. duytsi AF442197 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAACC | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. microtyla AF442198 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAATT | CTCG---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. artiellia KC875392 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGTATAATC | CTCG---TGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. mali KJ636400 | ATCA-ACTT--GATGGGAGCATAATT | CTCG---TGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. oleae MH011980 | ATCA-ACTT--GACGGGAGCATAACC | CTCG---AACCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. africana KY433422 | ATCA-ACTT--GAAGGGAGCATAATC | CTCT---AGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
M. coffeicola HE667739 | ATCA-ACTT--GAAGGGAGCATAATT | CTCG---TGCCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Hirschmanniella oryzae KF366906 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTATCT | CTCA---CTCTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Ditylenchus destructor AY593912 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTATGT | CTCA---TTCTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Tylenchus arcuatus EU306349 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTATCT | CTCAATGCTCTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Hoplolaimus columbus KJ934149 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTATACAG | CTCA---TCTTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Pratylenchus neglectus EU130802 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTATGT | CTCA---AATCGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Heterodera glycines AY043247 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTATCT | CTCG---CCTTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Helicotylenchus dihystera AJ966486 | ATCA-ACTTTCGATGGTAGTGTACCT | CTCG---CCTTGAGAGTGGGTAA |
Area | The Density * in Each Field ** | No. of Infested Fields (%) | No. of Fields | Average Density * (Range) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Magway | 100 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 61 | 13 | 15 | 0 | 12 | 15 | 12 (63.2) | 19 | 22.6 (0–100) |
2 | 0 | 78 | 0 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 13 | 77 | |||||
Mandalay | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 (40.0) | 20 | 9.9 (0–125) |
6 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 125 | 21 | 25 | 0 | 7 | ||||
Sagaing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0.0) | 14 | 0.0 (0) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||
Nay Pyi Taw | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 8 (18.6) | 43 | 21.0 (0–223) |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 131 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 180 | ||||
166 | 223 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 122 | ||||
0 | 0 | 0 |
Area | No. of Fields Infested with RKN (%) | No. of Fields | Average Density * of RKN (Range) |
---|---|---|---|
Magway | 0 (0.0) | 19 | |
Mandalay | 0 (0.0) | 20 | |
Sagaing | 0 (0.0) | 14 | |
Nay Pyi Taw | 11 (25.6) | 43 | 34.3 (0.8–137.2) |
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Min, Y.Y.; Naing, T.H.; Htun, N.N.; Myint, A.K.; Ichinose, Y.; Perry, R.N.; Yoshimura, A.; Toyota, K. Distribution of Pigeon Pea Cyst Nematode and Root-Knot Nematodes in Major Sesame Growing Areas in Myanmar. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101457
Min YY, Naing TH, Htun NN, Myint AK, Ichinose Y, Perry RN, Yoshimura A, Toyota K. Distribution of Pigeon Pea Cyst Nematode and Root-Knot Nematodes in Major Sesame Growing Areas in Myanmar. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101457
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin, Yu Yu, Thu Htet Naing, Nwe Nwe Htun, Aung Kyaw Myint, Yuri Ichinose, Roland N. Perry, Atsushi Yoshimura, and Koki Toyota. 2020. "Distribution of Pigeon Pea Cyst Nematode and Root-Knot Nematodes in Major Sesame Growing Areas in Myanmar" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1457. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101457