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Polymers
Volume 18
Issue 1
10.3390/polym18010074
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Electric Field-Driven Melt Jetting Polycaprolactone Rotational Printing of Fully Degradable Vascular Stents and Mechanical Characterization

by
Yanpu Chao
1,*,
Fulai Cao
1,
Hao Yi
2,*,
Shuai Lu
1,
Chengyan Zhang
1,
Hui Cen
1,
Zhongfu Liu
1,
Yihang Yao
1 and
Xiaobo Zhao
1
1
School of Mechatronics Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2026, 18(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010074 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 26 November 2025 / Revised: 22 December 2025 / Accepted: 24 December 2025 / Published: 26 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer Microfabrication and 3D/4D Printing)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Addressing technical challenges in personalized fabrication and mechanical regulation of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds, this study pioneers an electric field-driven melt jetting rotational printing technique to fabricate polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds (Ø3–8 mm). Multiscale characterization confirms a rhombic mesh macrostructure with uniform fibers and fusion-enhanced nodal junctions, demonstrating synergistic control of electrohydrodynamic forces and surface tension over microfiber deposition. Mechanical testing reveals triphasic tensile behavior (elastic-plastic-fracture), where 5 mm scaffolds exhibit 38% enhanced peak load due to superior interfacial bonding and densified geometry, while 8 mm counterparts suffer premature failure from structural weakening. Fractography identifies brittle fracture initiation at stress-concentrated nodes versus ductile dominance in straight segments, confirming co-regulation by intrinsic material properties and architecture. Compression tests demonstrate characteristic load-holding-recovery behavior, with 20% increased load-bearing capacity and enhanced elastic recovery in larger scaffolds. This work establishes a structure–property correlation framework for optimizing degradable vascular implants, providing novel methodologies and theoretical foundations for clinical compatibility.
Keywords: vascular scaffolds; electric field-driven; rotational deposition; mechanical behavior; fracture mechanisms vascular scaffolds; electric field-driven; rotational deposition; mechanical behavior; fracture mechanisms

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Chao, Y.; Cao, F.; Yi, H.; Lu, S.; Zhang, C.; Cen, H.; Liu, Z.; Yao, Y.; Zhao, X. Electric Field-Driven Melt Jetting Polycaprolactone Rotational Printing of Fully Degradable Vascular Stents and Mechanical Characterization. Polymers 2026, 18, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010074

AMA Style

Chao Y, Cao F, Yi H, Lu S, Zhang C, Cen H, Liu Z, Yao Y, Zhao X. Electric Field-Driven Melt Jetting Polycaprolactone Rotational Printing of Fully Degradable Vascular Stents and Mechanical Characterization. Polymers. 2026; 18(1):74. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010074

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao, Yanpu, Fulai Cao, Hao Yi, Shuai Lu, Chengyan Zhang, Hui Cen, Zhongfu Liu, Yihang Yao, and Xiaobo Zhao. 2026. "Electric Field-Driven Melt Jetting Polycaprolactone Rotational Printing of Fully Degradable Vascular Stents and Mechanical Characterization" Polymers 18, no. 1: 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010074

APA Style

Chao, Y., Cao, F., Yi, H., Lu, S., Zhang, C., Cen, H., Liu, Z., Yao, Y., & Zhao, X. (2026). Electric Field-Driven Melt Jetting Polycaprolactone Rotational Printing of Fully Degradable Vascular Stents and Mechanical Characterization. Polymers, 18(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym18010074

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