Impact of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Design
2.1. Materials and Mixture Proportions
2.2. Specimen Properties and Preparation
2.3. Test Methods and Instrumentation
3. Experimental Results
3.1. Fluidity of UHPC Mixtures
3.2. Compressive Strength
3.3. Splitting Tensile Strength
3.4. Flexural Behavior
3.4.1. Fracture Energy
3.4.2. Load–Crack Mouth Opening Displacement Behavior
3.4.3. Cracking Behavior
4. Tensile Constitutive Law Based on Model Code 2020
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
- It is seen that the fluidity of UHPC decreased with the increase in macro-PP fiber content, as expected. Using 2% fiber by volume is significantly reduced by nearly half compared to the case without fiber.
- No significant difference in compressive strength for mixtures except for the mixture containing macro-PP fiber 2.0% by volume. With a fiber content of 2%, an increase of about 13% was achieved compared to the non-fiber mixture. It was also seen that the use of macro-PP fiber had no significant contribution in splitting tensile strength.
- The increasing dosage of macro-PP fibers has a limited effect on the cracking strength. However, the incorporation of macro-PP fibers into UHPC led to a notable improvement in post-cracking behavior and, consequently, an enhancement of the overall energy absorption capacity. While deflection hardening behavior was obtained for all ratios except 0.5, a 25% increase in post-cracking strength was achieved in the mixture containing 2% fiber by volume.
- The non-fiber beams fractured immediately after cracking in the notch area, causing the specimens to split into two pieces. Unlike beams without fibers, the opening and propagation of cracks were limited by the crack bridging ability of the macro-PP fibers, and sudden failure could be avoided. There was no clear difference between the specimens with varying amounts of macro-PP fibers. In addition, the initial cracking stage was monitored accurately by 2D-DIC analysis. Examination of the fracture sections revealed a generally uniform fiber distribution.
- According to the tensile stress–strain law obtained by the inverse analysis proposed in MC2020, it was determined that the contribution of macro-PP fiber use to tensile strength was quite limited. However, it was observed that the increasing amount of the macro-PP fibers significantly affected the post-crack ductility.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | NF | F0.5 | F1.0 | F1.5 | F2.0 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cement | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 | 700 |
Silica fume | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 |
Blast furnace slag | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
Aggregate | 1032 | 1015 | 1005 | 992 | 978 |
Water | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Admixture | 17 | 17 | 17 | 17.4 | 17.8 |
Fiber | 0 | 4.5 | 9 | 13.5 | 18 |
Fiber (by volume) | 0% | 0.5% | 1.0% | 1.5% | 2.0% |
Mixture | fL * | fR1k * | fR2k * | fR3k * | fR4k * | fR,min * | fR,max * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NF | 4.89 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
F0.5 | 4.27 | 2.52 | 3.19 | 3.83 | 4.01 | 2.39 | 4.07 |
F1.0 | 4.91 | 4.81 | 6.88 | 8.16 | 8.46 | 4.33 | 8.48 |
F1.5 | 5.68 | 6.44 | 9.16 | 10.09 | 11.03 | 5.52 | 11.11 |
F2.0 | 5.44 | 6.59 | 9.56 | 11.11 | 10.92 | 5.30 | 11.54 |
Mixture | fcm (MPa) | Ec (MPa) | Gf (N/mm) | fctm (MPa) | fFts (MPa) | fFtu (MPa) | Material Class |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F0.5 | 106 | 47214 | 0.17 | 5.15 | 0.93 | 1.53 | Softening (Case I) |
F1.0 | 113 | 48182 | 0.17 | 5.27 | 1.78 | 3.40 | Softening (Case I) |
F1.5 | 105 | 47072 | 0.17 | 5.13 | 2.38 | 4.08 | Softening (Case I) |
F2.0 | 118 | 48982 | 1.72 | 5.36 | 2.44 | 4.62 | Softening (Case I) |
Point | F0.5 | F1.0 | F1.5 | F2.0 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ε | σ (MPa) | ε | σ (MPa) | ε | σ (MPa) | ε | σ (MPa) | |
A | 0.00010 | 4.64 | 0.00010 | 4.74 | 0.00010 | 4.62 | 0.00010 | 4.83 |
B | 0.00015 | 5.15 | 0.00015 | 5.27 | 0.00015 | 5.13 | 0.00015 | 5.36 |
C | 0.00034 | 0.80 | 0.00033 | 1.41 | 0.00028 | 1.99 | 0.00029 | 1.93 |
D | 0.004 | 0.93 | 0.004 | 1.78 | 0.004 | 2.38 | 0.004 | 2.44 |
E | 0.02 | 1.53 | 0.02 | 3.40 | 0.02 | 4.08 | 0.02 | 4.62 |
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Birol, T.; Avcıalp, A. Impact of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. Polymers 2025, 17, 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091232
Birol T, Avcıalp A. Impact of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. Polymers. 2025; 17(9):1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091232
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirol, Tamer, and Alper Avcıalp. 2025. "Impact of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete" Polymers 17, no. 9: 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091232
APA StyleBirol, T., & Avcıalp, A. (2025). Impact of Macro-Polypropylene Fiber on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete. Polymers, 17(9), 1232. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091232