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Polymers
Volume 17
Issue 5
10.3390/polym17050629
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Article

Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing

by
Stephanie Schlappa
1,2,*,
Werner Pauer
1,
Oliver Reich
3 and
Marvin Münzberg
2,3
1
Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstraße 45, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
2
Department of Physical Chemistry—InnoFSPEC, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
3
Professorship of Knowledge and Technology Transfer, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(5), 629; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050629
Submission received: 22 January 2025 / Revised: 19 February 2025 / Accepted: 23 February 2025 / Published: 26 February 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Chemistry)
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Abstract

Photon Density Wave (PDW) spectroscopy is used as process analytical technology (PAT) in three batch sizes, 1 L, 10 L and 100 L, of polyvinyl acetate—neodecanoic acid vinyl ester (Versa® 10) copolymerization. The effects on particle formation and growth are comparably analyzed. The data show comparability across scales up to a polymer volume fraction of around 0.15. Deviations beyond this suggest differences in particle growth dynamics. A detailed analysis of the dispersion dynamics and mixing properties provides an enhanced understanding compared to previous studies. Furthermore, the PDW spectroscopy data suggest inhomogeneity due to insufficient mixing at the beginning of the syntheses, despite very low feed-rates of the monomer mixture. PDW spectroscopy is thus capable of monitoring deviations in syntheses at different reaction volumes in real-time. These findings underline the potential of PDW spectroscopy not only for monitoring synthesis but also for enabling inhomogeneity analysis as a new application area. The integration of offline conversion and particle size measurements emphasizes the critical role of mixing efficiency in achieving optimal polymer dispersion properties and final product quality.
Keywords: photon density wave spectroscopy; emulsion polymerization; multiple light scattering; polyvinyl acetate; scale-up; inline monitoring photon density wave spectroscopy; emulsion polymerization; multiple light scattering; polyvinyl acetate; scale-up; inline monitoring

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MDPI and ACS Style

Schlappa, S.; Pauer, W.; Reich, O.; Münzberg, M. Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing. Polymers 2025, 17, 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050629

AMA Style

Schlappa S, Pauer W, Reich O, Münzberg M. Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing. Polymers. 2025; 17(5):629. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050629

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schlappa, Stephanie, Werner Pauer, Oliver Reich, and Marvin Münzberg. 2025. "Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing" Polymers 17, no. 5: 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050629

APA Style

Schlappa, S., Pauer, W., Reich, O., & Münzberg, M. (2025). Harnessing Photon Density Wave Spectroscopy for the Inline Monitoring of up to 100 L Vinyl Acetate—Versa® 10 Polymerization: Insights into Dispersion Dynamics and Mixing. Polymers, 17(5), 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17050629

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