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Open AccessArticle
Research into the Influence of Volume Fraction on the Bending Properties of Selected Thermoplastic Cellular Structures from a Mechanical and Energy Absorption Perspective
by
Katarina Monkova
Katarina Monkova
Prof. Katarina Monkova works in the field of Mechanical Engineering, currently acting as a of Her [...]
Prof. Katarina Monkova works in the field of Mechanical Engineering, currently acting as a Professor of Production
Engineering. Her theoretical knowledge and extensive activities for industrial companies allow her to combine scientific and professional activities in the fields of production engineering, additive technologies and cellular materials with her areas of interest, such as failure analysis, design of technical devices and simulation of the behavior of technical components/devices. She is a member of many international scientific organizations, a member, steering co-chair and chair of scientific committees at many international conferences, as well as a member of evaluation and graduation committees. She is also a member of the editorial boards of several journals and a reviewer of articles in many distinguished journals (also registered in the CC, WoS and Scopus databases). During her long-term work at the FMT TU Kosice, with a seat in
Presov, she was a responsible leading researcher and team member in many international and domestic projects. She is currently the author of more than 350 publications at home and abroad with more than 1,100 citations in the WoS and SCOPUS databases.
,
Peter Pavol Monka
Peter Pavol Monka
Prof. Peter Pavol Monka is currently a Full Professor at the Technical University of Košice, and at [...]
Prof. Peter Pavol Monka is currently a Full Professor at the Technical University of Košice, Slovakia, and at Tomas
Bata University in Zlín, Czechia. He focuses on the development of advanced
technologies and computational aid of production processes. In this area, he has
successfully finished several very important international research studies and
industrial cooperations. His publication record contains 2 monographs, 6
university textbooks, 4 IPR, over 70 journal articles, and over 150 conference
papers. He has engaged in many cooperative activities with high-ranked institutions
in China, Croatia, India, Germany, Greece, Serbia, and Sweden. Professor
Monka's outputs are very strong in the transfer of innovation and technology to
practice. He has successfully finished many industrial projects—for example, for
the Ministry of Defence of the Slovak Republic, Bosch–Siemens Home Appliances,
BGT Defence, etc.
Damir Godec
Damir Godec
Prof. Damir Godec is a full Professor at
the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval University [...]
Prof. Damir Godec is a full Professor at
the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of
Zagreb (UNIZAG FSB), Croatia. Since 2014, he has been a head of the Centre for
Additive Technologies (CaTeh) at UNIZAG FSB. Since 2016, he has been a guest
lecturer on Additive Manufacturing with Polymers at Montanuniversität
Leoben (MUL) (Austria), and since 2020, he has been a guest lecturer at the
Faculty of Polymer Technology, Slovenj Gradec (Slovenia), on subject polymer
materials for 3D technologies.
Monika Torokova
Monika Torokova
1
Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies with a seat in Presov, Technical University of Kosice, Sturova 31, 080 01 Presov, Slovakia
2
Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(20), 2795; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202795 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 August 2025
/
Revised: 13 October 2025
/
Accepted: 14 October 2025
/
Published: 19 October 2025
Abstract
The aim of the manuscript is to study the effect of volume fraction on the bending properties of selected thermoplastic cellular structures (Primitive, Diamond, and Gyroid) from a mechanical and energy absorption perspective, with a view to their promising prospects and use not only for bumpers, but also for various vehicle and aircraft components, or other applications. Samples belonging to the group of so-called complex structures with Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces, dimensions of 20 × 20 × 250 mm, and volume fractions of 30, 35, 40, 45, and 55%, were prepared by PTC Creo 10.0 software and produced using the Fused Filament Fabrication technique from Nylon CF12 material, while the basic cell size of 10 × 10 × 10 mm was maintained for all samples and the volume fraction was controlled by the wall thickness of the structure. Experimental bending tests were performed on a Zwick 1456 machine and based on recorded data; in addition to the maximum forces, the stiffness, yield strength, and effective modulus of elasticity in bending were evaluated for individual structures and volume fractions. Furthermore, the amount of energy absorbed until reaching the maximum force and until failure was compared, as well as the ductility indices μd and μU (derived from deformation and absorbed energy, respectively), as an important dissipation factor in absorbers, based on which it is also possible to predict which of the structures will have better damping.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Monkova, K.; Monka, P.P.; Godec, D.; Torokova, M.
Research into the Influence of Volume Fraction on the Bending Properties of Selected Thermoplastic Cellular Structures from a Mechanical and Energy Absorption Perspective. Polymers 2025, 17, 2795.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202795
AMA Style
Monkova K, Monka PP, Godec D, Torokova M.
Research into the Influence of Volume Fraction on the Bending Properties of Selected Thermoplastic Cellular Structures from a Mechanical and Energy Absorption Perspective. Polymers. 2025; 17(20):2795.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202795
Chicago/Turabian Style
Monkova, Katarina, Peter Pavol Monka, Damir Godec, and Monika Torokova.
2025. "Research into the Influence of Volume Fraction on the Bending Properties of Selected Thermoplastic Cellular Structures from a Mechanical and Energy Absorption Perspective" Polymers 17, no. 20: 2795.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202795
APA Style
Monkova, K., Monka, P. P., Godec, D., & Torokova, M.
(2025). Research into the Influence of Volume Fraction on the Bending Properties of Selected Thermoplastic Cellular Structures from a Mechanical and Energy Absorption Perspective. Polymers, 17(20), 2795.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202795
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