Study on Deterioration Characteristics of a Composite Crossarm Mandrel in a 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Multi-Factor Aging
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. Materials
2.2. Multi-Factor Aging Test of the Composite Crossarm
2.3. Hydrophobic Property Test of Outer Sheath of Composite Crossarm after Aging
2.4. Test of Mechanical Properties of the Full-Size Composite Crossarm
2.5. Performance Test of the Composite Crossarm Mandrel Material
- (1)
- Mechanical test
- (2)
- Moisture absorption rate
- (3)
- Electrical test
- (4)
- TGA
- (5)
- SEM analysis and 3D CT nondestructive testing
3. Analysis and Discussion of Experimental Results
3.1. Mechanical Properties Test of the Full-Size Composite Crossarm
3.2. Hydrophobic Characteristics of the Outer Sheath of the Composite Crossarm after Aging
3.3. Macroscopic Characteristics of the Composite Crossarm Mandrel
- (1)
- Mechanical test
- (2)
- Moisture absorption rate
- (3)
- Electrical performance test and 3D CT scanning
3.4. Micro-Properties of the Composite Crossarm Mandrel
- (1)
- SEM
- (2)
- TGA
3.5. Multi-Factor Aging Mechanism Analysis of the Composite Crossarm
- (1)
- Outer sheath aging. The composite crossarm worked under multi-factor aging for 5000 h. The main chain of Si-O-Si in the material broke due to rain, high temperatures, salt spray corrosion, and UV irradiation. The hydrophobic group Si-CH3 decreased and the hydrophilic group OH increased [22,23], resulting in a decrease in the hydrophobicity of the silicone rubber sheath. At the same time, the mechanical fatigue vibration will also aggravate the cracking of the outer sheath. According to the results of SEM, there are cracks and holes on the surface of silicone rubber, which provide a diffusion channel for H2O, Na+, and Cl− to invade the mandrel.
- (2)
- Mandrel material aging. In terms of the resin matrix, TG test results show that after H2O, Na+, and Cl− penetrate into the mandrel through the damaged outer sheath, a small amount of the resin matrix decomposes and the molecular chain breaks under the combined aging of rain and high temperature, resulting in a decline in its thermal stability. At the same time, the continuously humid and hot environment will also increase the plasticity and reduce the stiffness of the resin matrix. For the fiber/resin interface, moisture and other ions infiltrating into the mandrel will cause uneven expansion in the humid and hot environment, resulting in interfacial debonding. From the results of three-dimensional CT and SEM, under the long-term action of high temperature, high humidity, and high salt accompanied by mechanical load, there are microcracks and pores in the resin matrix and fiber/resin interface, and local defects have a trend toward connectivity. This will affect the macroscopic mechanical properties, electrical properties, and moisture absorption characteristics of the core shaft material to a certain extent.
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The tensile strength and bending strength of the full-scale composite crossarm after aging decreased by only 7.74%, still well above the rated load during normal operation, meeting operational requirements. However, the overall mechanical strength design margin of the composite crossarm is relatively large. In areas where the natural environment aligns with the multi-factor aging system parameters in this study, a moderate reduction in the margin is feasible.
- (2)
- After aging, the hydrophobicity of the composite crossarm’s outer sheath decreases, leading to the appearance of cracks and holes on the surface. This allows a small amount of moisture from the outside to penetrate into the mandrel through the sheath. For coastal environments, it is crucial to focus on enhancing the quality of the outer sheath to effectively protect the internal mandrel.
- (3)
- The test results of mandrel materials suggest that improving the bonding strength and thermal stability of the fiber-resin interface can help reduce the formation of defects, such as internal pores in the crossarm, in harsh environments. This improvement contributes to enhancing the mechanical and electrical strength of the composite crossarm.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Aging Factor | Parametric Design |
---|---|
Humidity | 98% RH |
Temperature | 50 °C ± 0.5 °C |
Rain wet | 24 h rainfall 50~100 mm |
Salt spray | Particle size: 5~10 μm; NaCl content: 7 kg/m3; flow rate: 0.5 kg/m3 h |
UV | Xenon lamp power: 6 kW; UV wavelength: 290~800 nm; irradiance: 550 W/m2 |
Mechanics | Horizontal load: 177.89 N; vertical load: 319.69 N; Mechanical force frequency: 0.6 Hz |
Voltage | 10 kV |
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Ma, L.; Fu, X.; Chen, L.; Chen, X.; Zhang, C.; Li, X.; Li, W.; Fu, F.; Fu, C.; Lin, T.; et al. Study on Deterioration Characteristics of a Composite Crossarm Mandrel in a 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Multi-Factor Aging. Polymers 2023, 15, 3576. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173576
Ma L, Fu X, Chen L, Chen X, Zhang C, Li X, Li W, Fu F, Fu C, Lin T, et al. Study on Deterioration Characteristics of a Composite Crossarm Mandrel in a 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Multi-Factor Aging. Polymers. 2023; 15(17):3576. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173576
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Long, Xiaotao Fu, Lincong Chen, Xiaolin Chen, Cong Zhang, Xinran Li, Wei Li, Fangda Fu, Chuanfu Fu, Taobei Lin, and et al. 2023. "Study on Deterioration Characteristics of a Composite Crossarm Mandrel in a 10 kV Distribution Network Based on Multi-Factor Aging" Polymers 15, no. 17: 3576. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173576