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Polymers
Volume 14
Issue 23
10.3390/polym14235160
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Article

Enhanced Separation Performance of Hierarchically Porous Membranes Fabricated via the Combination of Crystallization Template and Foaming

by
Jiahui Shi
1,
Jiahai Zhou
2,
Donglei Fan
3,
Taotao Lin
1,
Jiayao Wang
1,
Jiaqi Zhao
1,
Avner Ronen
4,
Minggang Li
3,* and
Jichun You
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
2
Zhejiang Chuanhua Chemical Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311215, China
3
State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
4
Jacob Blaustein Inst Desert Res, Zuckerberg Inst Water Res, Sede Boqer Campus, Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Beer Sheva IL-84990, Israel
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2022, 14(23), 5160; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235160
Submission received: 24 October 2022 / Revised: 16 November 2022 / Accepted: 18 November 2022 / Published: 27 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Membranes and Films)
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Abstract

In this work, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hierarchically porous membranes (HPMs) with isolated large pores and continuous narrow nano-pores have been fabricated from its blend with poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based on the combination of crystallization template with chemical or supercritical CO2 foaming. On the one hand, the decomposition of azodicarbonamide (ADC, chemical foaming agent) or the release of CO2 can produce isolated large pores. On the other hand, PMMA is expelled during the isothermal crystallization of PVDF in their miscible blend, yielding narrow nano-pores upon etching with a selective solvent. In the case of supercritical CO2, the attained PVDF HPMs fail to improve separation performance because of the compact wall of isolated-large-pore and consequent poor connectivity of hierarchical pores. In the case of ADC, the optimal HPM exhibits much higher flux (up to 20 times) without any loss of selectivity compared with the reference only with nano-pores. The enhanced permeability can be attributed to the shorter diffusion length and lower diffusion barrier from isolated large pores, while the comparable selectivity is determined by narrow nano-pores in THE matrix.
Keywords: hierarchically porous membrane; PVDF; foaming; crystallization template; separation hierarchically porous membrane; PVDF; foaming; crystallization template; separation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shi, J.; Zhou, J.; Fan, D.; Lin, T.; Wang, J.; Zhao, J.; Ronen, A.; Li, M.; You, J. Enhanced Separation Performance of Hierarchically Porous Membranes Fabricated via the Combination of Crystallization Template and Foaming. Polymers 2022, 14, 5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235160

AMA Style

Shi J, Zhou J, Fan D, Lin T, Wang J, Zhao J, Ronen A, Li M, You J. Enhanced Separation Performance of Hierarchically Porous Membranes Fabricated via the Combination of Crystallization Template and Foaming. Polymers. 2022; 14(23):5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235160

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shi, Jiahui, Jiahai Zhou, Donglei Fan, Taotao Lin, Jiayao Wang, Jiaqi Zhao, Avner Ronen, Minggang Li, and Jichun You. 2022. "Enhanced Separation Performance of Hierarchically Porous Membranes Fabricated via the Combination of Crystallization Template and Foaming" Polymers 14, no. 23: 5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235160

APA Style

Shi, J., Zhou, J., Fan, D., Lin, T., Wang, J., Zhao, J., Ronen, A., Li, M., & You, J. (2022). Enhanced Separation Performance of Hierarchically Porous Membranes Fabricated via the Combination of Crystallization Template and Foaming. Polymers, 14(23), 5160. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235160

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