Functional Separators for Long-Life and Safe Li Metal Batteries: A Minireview
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Mechanically Strengthened Separator Fabrication
3. Functional Separator Construction towards Regulated Li Ion Deposition
4. Flame-Retardant Separator Design
5. Summary and Outlook
- (1)
- Most of the reported functional separators have been developed with top-down strategies such as the tap-casting method, which leads to a lack of control over the thickness and the homogeneous distribution of different components. More elaborate bottom-up strategies should be designed to develop uniform and homogenous separators.
- (2)
- To minimize sacrifice in both volumetric and gravitation energy density, the thickness of the modification layer should be controlled at <1 µm (<5% in thickness compared to commercially separator such as Celgard 2325) and its density should be reduced as low as possible. In this regard, novel nanostructured nanomaterials, especially 2D graphene and boron nitride, are good options.
- (3)
- To avoid peeling of the modification layer from the separator during Li plating/stripping cycles, molecular and structural designs to improve the flexibility and elasticity of the modification layer, as well as its adhesion on the separator, are highly desirable.
- (4)
- To help eliminate battery thermal runaway caused by Li dendrites and improve battery safety, the thermal conductivity of the separator should be further improved for better battery heat dissipation; few studies have focused on this.
- (5)
- The “activation” of functional separators should be understood in depth. Some of the designed separators are not electrochemically inert, and they may absorb Li+, or even react with electrolyte or Li metal electrodes, especially under complex electrochemical conditions. These “activations” (absorption and reaction) together with the influence on battery performance should be carefully studied.
- (6)
- The performance of the designed separators should be evaluated under practical conditions. The areal current density and capacity for Li|Li symmetric cells and Li metal full cells should be higher than 3 mA cm−2 and 3 mAh cm−2, respectively, because the area capacity of commercial energy-type LMBs is >3 mAh cm−2 and the discharging/charging current is >3 mA cm−2 based on 1 C rate. The electrolyte amount should be controlled at <10 µL mAh−1 (requirement of lean electrolyte), and the capacity ratio of Li metal anode and cathode should be <5 to maintain high volumetric energy density.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Yang, Y.; Wang, Z.; Yang, Q.; Deng, J. Functional Separators for Long-Life and Safe Li Metal Batteries: A Minireview. Polymers 2022, 14, 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214546
Li Y, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Deng J. Functional Separators for Long-Life and Safe Li Metal Batteries: A Minireview. Polymers. 2022; 14(21):4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214546
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Yanyan, Yu Zhao, Yong Yang, Zhijie Wang, Qin Yang, and Jiaojiao Deng. 2022. "Functional Separators for Long-Life and Safe Li Metal Batteries: A Minireview" Polymers 14, no. 21: 4546. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14214546