Non-Destructive Detection of Pentachlorophenol Residues in Historical Wooden Objects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Model Wood Samples Preparation
2.2. SPME Methods
2.3. Solvent Extraction and SPE Method
2.4. HPLC-UV Analysis
2.5. GC–MS Analysis
2.6. Sampling in the Museum Depot
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Model Wood Samples
3.2. Solvent Extraction
3.3. SPME Sampling
3.3.1. SPME in Headspace Mode
3.3.2. SPME in Contact Mode
3.4. Application of the Sampling Methods to Museum Objects
Object Description | Sampling | PCP Detection | |
---|---|---|---|
OBJ1 | Small cabinet with doors and a drawer, open top surface. | An already detached trim collected (m = 2.709 g); contact SPME on both largest surfaces. | <LOD |
OBJ2 | Nightstand with tall narrow legs. | An already detached piece of wood collected (m = 0.201 g); HS SPME in vial and acetone extraction. | Not detected |
OBJ3 | Black chest of drawers, with nine drawers (Figure 6). | HS SPME sampling in the central drawer. | 40 mg/kg wood |
OBJ4 | Dark chest, painted with still life and year 1853 (Figure 7). | HS SPME on the lid. | <LOD |
OBJ5 | Light chest, painted with birds. | HS SPME inside the chest. | <LOD |
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling Mode | Effect on Object/Sample | Sampling Time | * Linearity (γ − PCP Content in Wood (mg/g), Ar − Peak Area, R2 − Correlation Coefficient) | ** Repeatability (%RSD) | *** LOD (mg PCP/kg Wood) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Headspace SPME | Non-destructive | 40 min | Ar = 8.31 × 108 γ − 9.98 × 106 R2 = 0.9524 | 9 | 20 |
Contact SPME | Non-destructive | 30 min | Ar = 1.41 × 109 γ − 1.15 × 107 R2 = 0.8993 | 16 | 30 |
Extraction time | Extraction recovery (%) | ||||
Acetone extraction | Destructive | 24 h | 84 | 11 | 10 |
Acetone/H2SO4 extraction | Destructive | 24 h | 66 | 5 | 10 |
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Kraševec, I.; Nemeček, N.; Lozar Štamcar, M.; Kralj Cigić, I.; Prosen, H. Non-Destructive Detection of Pentachlorophenol Residues in Historical Wooden Objects. Polymers 2021, 13, 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052
Kraševec I, Nemeček N, Lozar Štamcar M, Kralj Cigić I, Prosen H. Non-Destructive Detection of Pentachlorophenol Residues in Historical Wooden Objects. Polymers. 2021; 13(7):1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052
Chicago/Turabian StyleKraševec, Ida, Nataša Nemeček, Maja Lozar Štamcar, Irena Kralj Cigić, and Helena Prosen. 2021. "Non-Destructive Detection of Pentachlorophenol Residues in Historical Wooden Objects" Polymers 13, no. 7: 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071052