Dynamic Mechanical Control of Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Dual Crosslinking: Covalent and Ionic
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Alginate Modification
2.2. Fibronectin PEGylation
2.3. Alginate Hydrogel Fabrication
2.4. Rheological Measurements
2.5. Stiffening–Softening Assays
2.6. Water Sorption Assay
2.7. Fibronectin Release
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Covalently Crosslinked Alginate Hydrogels with Tuneable Mechanical Properties that Incorporate Fibronectin and Protease-Degradable Cues
3.2. Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Tuneable Mechanical Properties and Enzymatic Degradation
3.3. Dual (Covalent and Ionic) Crosslinked Alginate Hydrogels with Dynamic and Reversible Control over Mechanical Properties
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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2 wt% Alginate | Alginate (mg·mL−1) | Crosslinking Ratio X (Thiol to Norbornene Groups) | DTT (µg·mL−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 0.05 | 30 | ||
20 | 0.1 | 60 | ||
20 | 0.5 | 305 | ||
20 | 1 | 610 | ||
2 wt% Alginate | Alginate (mg·mL−1) | Crosslinking Ratio X (Thiol to Norbornene Groups) | VPM (µg·mL−1) | FN (µg·mL−1) |
20 | 0.5 | 3378 | 1000 | |
3 wt% Alginate | Alginate (mg·mL−1) | Crosslinking Ratio X (Thiol to Norbornene Groups) | DTT (µg·mL−1) | |
30 | 0.05 | 46 | ||
30 | 0.1 | 92 | ||
30 | 0.5 | 460 | ||
30 | 1 | 920 |
2 wt% Alginate | Young’s Modulus (kPa) | 2 wt% Alginate | Young’s Modulus (kPa) |
---|---|---|---|
X = 0.1 | Mean ± SD | X = 0.5 | Mean ± SD |
Covalent crosslinking | 2.8 ± 1.0 | Covalent crosslinking | 5.2 ± 1.0 |
Ionic crosslinking | 50.9 ± 12.5 | Ionic crosslinking | 86.6 ± 29.6 |
Calcium quenching (PBS) | 7.3 ± 1.8 | Calcium quenching (PBS) | 8.4 ± 0.1 |
Ionic crosslinking | 59.5 ± 5.9 | Ionic crosslinking | 89.6 ± 1.1 |
X = 0.1 | Mean ± SD | X = 0.5 | Mean ± SD |
Covalent crosslinking | 2.8 ± 1.0 | Covalent crosslinking | 5.2 ± 1.0 |
Ionic crosslinking | 50.9 ± 12.5 | Ionic crosslinking | 86.6 ± 29.6 |
Calcium quenching (EDTA) | 2.3 ± 2.7 | Calcium quenching (EDTA) | 5.9 ± 0.1 |
Ionic crosslinking | 35.2 ± 1.1 | Ionic crosslinking | 117.6 ± 1.7 |
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Trujillo, S.; Seow, M.; Lueckgen, A.; Salmeron-Sanchez, M.; Cipitria, A. Dynamic Mechanical Control of Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Dual Crosslinking: Covalent and Ionic. Polymers 2021, 13, 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030433
Trujillo S, Seow M, Lueckgen A, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Cipitria A. Dynamic Mechanical Control of Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Dual Crosslinking: Covalent and Ionic. Polymers. 2021; 13(3):433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030433
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrujillo, Sara, Melanie Seow, Aline Lueckgen, Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez, and Amaia Cipitria. 2021. "Dynamic Mechanical Control of Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Dual Crosslinking: Covalent and Ionic" Polymers 13, no. 3: 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030433
APA StyleTrujillo, S., Seow, M., Lueckgen, A., Salmeron-Sanchez, M., & Cipitria, A. (2021). Dynamic Mechanical Control of Alginate-Fibronectin Hydrogels with Dual Crosslinking: Covalent and Ionic. Polymers, 13(3), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030433