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Polymers
Volume 13
Issue 23
10.3390/polym13234262
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Article

Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces

by
Carmen M. González-Henríquez
1,2,*,
Fernando E. Rodríguez-Umanzor
1,3,
Matías N. Alegría-Gómez
1,3,
Claudio A. Terraza-Inostroza
4,
Enrique Martínez-Campos
5,
Raquel Cue-López
5,
Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos
6,
Claudio García-Herrera
6 and
Juan Rodríguez-Hernández
7
1
Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 7800003, Chile
2
Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
3
Programa PhD en Ciencia de Materiales e Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago 8940000, Chile
4
Research Laboratory for Organic Polymer (RLOP), Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7810000, Chile
5
Group of Organic Synthesis and Bioevaluation, Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Associated Unit to the ICTP-IQM-CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
6
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
7
Polymer Functionalization Group, Departamento de Química Macromolecular Aplicada, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICTP-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2021, 13(23), 4262; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234262
Submission received: 12 October 2021 / Revised: 26 November 2021 / Accepted: 2 December 2021 / Published: 6 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Polymers for Biomedical Applications)
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Abstract

Biocompatible smart interfaces play a crucial role in biomedical or tissue engineering applications, where their ability to actively change their conformation or physico-chemical properties permits finely tuning their surface attributes. Polyelectrolytes, such as acrylic acid, are a particular type of smart polymers that present pH responsiveness. This work aims to fabricate stable hydrogel films with reversible pH responsiveness that could spontaneously form wrinkled surface patterns. For this purpose, the photosensitive reaction mixtures were deposited via spin-coating over functionalized glasses. Following vacuum, UV, or either plasma treatments, it is possible to spontaneously form wrinkles, which could increase cell adherence. The pH responsiveness of the material was evaluated, observing an abrupt variation in the film thickness as a function of the environmental pH. Moreover, the presence of the carboxylic acid functional groups at the interface was evidenced by analyzing the adsorption/desorption capacity using methylene blue as a cationic dye model. The results demonstrated that increasing the acrylic acid in the microwrinkled hydrogel effectively improved the adsorption and release capacity and the ability of the carboxylic groups to establish ionic interactions with methylene blue. Finally, the role of the acrylic acid groups and the surface topography (smooth or wrinkled) on the final antibacterial properties were investigated, demonstrating their efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria model strains (E. coli and S. Aureus). According to our findings, microwrinkled hydrogels presented excellent antibacterial properties improving the results obtained for planar (smooth) hydrogels.
Keywords: pH-sensitive hydrogel; poly(acrylic acid); quartz crystal microbalance (QCM); ellipsometric measurement; antibacterial activity pH-sensitive hydrogel; poly(acrylic acid); quartz crystal microbalance (QCM); ellipsometric measurement; antibacterial activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

González-Henríquez, C.M.; Rodríguez-Umanzor, F.E.; Alegría-Gómez, M.N.; Terraza-Inostroza, C.A.; Martínez-Campos, E.; Cue-López, R.; Sarabia-Vallejos, M.A.; García-Herrera, C.; Rodríguez-Hernández, J. Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces. Polymers 2021, 13, 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234262

AMA Style

González-Henríquez CM, Rodríguez-Umanzor FE, Alegría-Gómez MN, Terraza-Inostroza CA, Martínez-Campos E, Cue-López R, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, García-Herrera C, Rodríguez-Hernández J. Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces. Polymers. 2021; 13(23):4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234262

Chicago/Turabian Style

González-Henríquez, Carmen M., Fernando E. Rodríguez-Umanzor, Matías N. Alegría-Gómez, Claudio A. Terraza-Inostroza, Enrique Martínez-Campos, Raquel Cue-López, Mauricio A. Sarabia-Vallejos, Claudio García-Herrera, and Juan Rodríguez-Hernández. 2021. "Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces" Polymers 13, no. 23: 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234262

APA Style

González-Henríquez, C. M., Rodríguez-Umanzor, F. E., Alegría-Gómez, M. N., Terraza-Inostroza, C. A., Martínez-Campos, E., Cue-López, R., Sarabia-Vallejos, M. A., García-Herrera, C., & Rodríguez-Hernández, J. (2021). Wrinkling on Stimuli-Responsive Functional Polymer Surfaces as a Promising Strategy for the Preparation of Effective Antibacterial/Antibiofouling Surfaces. Polymers, 13(23), 4262. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13234262

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