Development of Photocurable Polyacrylate-Based PolyHIPEs and the Study of the Kinetics of Photopolymerization, and of Their Thermal, Mechanical and Hydrocarbon Absorption Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Determination of Kinetics of Photopolymerization of Pristine Acrylate Monomers by Real-Time Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (RT-FTIR)
2.3. Preparation of High Internal Phase Emulsions (HIPEs)
2.4. Determination of Kinetics of Photopolymerization of HIPEs by Gravimetry
2.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.6. Analysis of Surface Area and Pore Size Distribution
2.7. Water Contact Angle (WCA)
2.8. Compression Properties
2.9. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
2.10. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.11. Determination of Absorption Properties of Hydrocarbons
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Determination of Kinetics of Photopolymerization of Pristine Monomers
3.2. Preparation of the Photocurable PolyHIPEs
3.3. Kinetics of Photopolymerization of the HIPEs
3.4. Thermal Analysis of Monoliths by DSC and TGA
3.5. Morphology of the PolyHIPEs by SEM
3.6. Water Contact Angle (WCA)
3.7. Mechanical Properties of Compression
3.8. Hydrocarbon Absorption Properties and Study of the Reusability of the PolyHIPEs
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase/Samples | Monomers | Photoinitiators * | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nomenclature (Molar Ratios) | E:I %ratio | T (g) (mmol) | E (g) (mmol) | I (g) (mmol) | DMPA (g) (mmol) | BAPO (g) (mmol) | |
Organic phase | T–E (1:3) | 100:0 | 2.092 | 2.908 | 0 | 0.152 | 0.257 |
4.888 | 14.665 | 0 | 0.592 | 0.605 | |||
T–E–I (1:1.5:1.5) | 50:50 | 2.062 | 1.433 | 1.505 | 0.150 | 0.254 | |
4.817 | 7.226 | 7.226 | 0.584 | 0.596 | |||
T–E–I (1:0.9:2.1) | 30:70 | 2.050 | 0.855 | 2.095 | 0.149 | 0.252 | |
4.789 | 4.311 | 10.059 | 0.581 | 0.593 | |||
T–E–I (1:0.6:2.4) | 20:80 | 2.044 | 0.568 | 2.388 | 0.148 | 0.251 | |
4.776 | 2.866 | 11.463 | 0.579 | 0.591 | |||
T–I (1:3) | 0:100 | 2.032 | 0 | 2.968 | 0.148 | 0.250 | |
4.749 | 0 | 14.247 | 0.576 | 0.587 | |||
Aqueous phase | 18.4 mL (3% w/w CaCl2 solution) | ||||||
Surfactants | Hypermer B246 = 0.5 g/Span 80 = 0.5 g |
Sample | T 5% a | Tmax b |
---|---|---|
T–E (1:3) | 257 | 296, 411 |
T–E–I (1:1.5:1.5) | 289 | 310, 414 |
T–E–I (1:0.9:2.1) | 296 | 317, 434 |
T–E–I (1:0.6:2.4) | 302 | 314, 436 |
T–I (1:3) | 319 | 398 |
Sample | BET Area (m2/g) | Total Volume of Pores (cm3/g) |
---|---|---|
T–E (1:3) | 9.4 | 0.040 |
T–I (1:3) | 16 | 0.059 |
T–E–I (1:1.5:1.5) | 11.2 | 0.029 |
T–E–I (1:0.9:2.1) | 11.5 | 0.028 |
T–E–I (1:0.6:2.4) | 12.0 | 0.037 |
Sample | Hexane * | Diesel * | Toluene * | Chloroform * |
---|---|---|---|---|
T–E (1:3) | 332 | 265 | 448 | 823 |
T–I (1:3) | 250 | 158 | 595 | 1570 |
T–E–I (1:1.5:1.5) | 321 | 253 | 440 | 806 |
T–E–I (1:0.9:2.1) | 306 | 236 | 378 | 778 |
T–E–I (1:0.6:2.4) | 294 | 206 | 550 | 1325 |
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Acosta Ortiz, R.; Reinoza Dávila, J.A.; Guerrero Santos, R. Development of Photocurable Polyacrylate-Based PolyHIPEs and the Study of the Kinetics of Photopolymerization, and of Their Thermal, Mechanical and Hydrocarbon Absorption Properties. Polymers 2021, 13, 3497. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203497
Acosta Ortiz R, Reinoza Dávila JA, Guerrero Santos R. Development of Photocurable Polyacrylate-Based PolyHIPEs and the Study of the Kinetics of Photopolymerization, and of Their Thermal, Mechanical and Hydrocarbon Absorption Properties. Polymers. 2021; 13(20):3497. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203497
Chicago/Turabian StyleAcosta Ortiz, Ricardo, Jefferson Alberto Reinoza Dávila, and Ramiro Guerrero Santos. 2021. "Development of Photocurable Polyacrylate-Based PolyHIPEs and the Study of the Kinetics of Photopolymerization, and of Their Thermal, Mechanical and Hydrocarbon Absorption Properties" Polymers 13, no. 20: 3497. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203497