The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polymer Nano- and Microstructure
2.1. Polymer Nanostructure in Solution
2.1.1. Mesoglobules of Thermoresponsive Polymers
2.1.2. Branched Nanostructures
Hyperbranched Polymers
Bottle-Brush (Comb-Like) Macromolecules
Stars
2.1.3. Nanostructure via Self-Assembling of Block Copolymers
2.2. Polymer Layers of Different Structures
2.2.1. Polymer Layers Immobilized on a Support
Layers of Linear Polymers
The “Grafting from”—Layers of Brush Structures and Crosslinked Layers
Nanolayers of Branched Polymers
2.2.2. Self-Supporting Layers
Hydrogels
Fibrillar Mats
3. Summary
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymer Abbreviation | Polymer Specification | Mn (g/mol) | CP (g/L) | Additive * s/p | Rh (nm) | Heating Mode | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
POEGMA | P(T-ran-O475)_4.5 | 48,600 | 0.1 | - | 430 | gradual | [16] |
0.5 | - | 875 | |||||
0.1 | - | 95 | abrupt (54 °C) | ||||
P(T-ran-O475)_30.5 | 46,800 | 0.1 | - | 800 | gradual | ||
0.5 | - | 1185 | |||||
0.1 | - | 101 | abrupt (81 °C) | ||||
P(D-ran-O300)_37 | 32,000 | 0.1 | - | 465 | gradual | ||
0.5 | - | 1080 | |||||
0.1 | - | 96 | abrupt (81 °C) | ||||
P(HEMA-OEGMA) | - | 33,000 | 0.5 | - | 740 | gradual | [29,30] |
NaCl | 1425 | ||||||
PBS | 1540 | ||||||
- | 230 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||||
NaCl | 1600 | ||||||
PBS | 1330 | ||||||
PETEGA | - | 7000–40,000 | 0.5 | - | 177 | abrupt (40 °C) | [21,31] |
- | 91 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||||
0.5 | 0.1 | 110 | abrupt (40 °C) | ||||
0.1 | 70 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||||
0.5 | 0.4 | n.d | abrupt (40 °C) | ||||
0.4 | 10/71 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||||
- | P(D-co-A_A) 7% A | 42,000 | 0.2 | - | 62 | gradual | [25,26] |
0.5 | - | 77 | |||||
P(D-co-A_Pr) 7% Pr | 42,000 | 0.1 | - | 330 | gradual | ||
0.5 | - | 620 | |||||
0.1 | - | 80 | abrupt | ||||
P(D-co-A_Az) 7% Az | 42,000 | 0.1 | - | 130 | gradual | ||
0.5 | - | 215 | |||||
0.1 | - | 20 | abrupt | ||||
PIPOx | - | 3660 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 403 | abrupt | [22] |
- | 494 | abrupt (80 °C) | |||||
- | 700 | gradual | |||||
5540 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 370 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||
- | 650 | abrupt | |||||
- | 800 | gradual | |||||
8940 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 180 | abrupt (70 °C) | |||
- | 800 | ||||||
- | 1400 | gradual | |||||
mPGL | P(G-co-EGC)-28 | 800,000 | 0.05 | 175 | abrupt (80 °C) | [17] | |
0.2 | 260 | ||||||
175 | dropwise (80 °C) | ||||||
P(G-co-EGC)-35 | 0.05 | 112 | abrupt (80 °C) | ||||
0.2 | 100 | ||||||
100 | dropwise (80 °C) | ||||||
PNIPAM | 84,000 | 1 | 0.05 | 45 | abrupt (70 °C) | [20] | |
0.5 | 10 |
Core | Number of Arms | Arms | Properties/Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
poly[p-(chloromethyl)styrene] | 12–26 | PEG | amphiphilic | [52] |
poly[p-(iodomethyl)styrene] | 10 | PS, PtBuAc, PAA | PtBuAc stars: thermal properties PAA stars: amphiphilic/formation of reversible complexes between COOH groups of stars and model drug: cisplatin neurotoxicity evaluation electrical and rheological properties of star solutions | [38,53,54,55,66,67,68] |
polyglycidol and dipentaerythritol | 6, 13 | PEOx | thermoresponsive | [46,64] |
pentaerythritol derivatives | 4, 6 | tert-butyl glycidyl ether, glycidol | amphiphilic, thermoresponsive pyrene encapsulation formation of reversible complexes between OH groups of stars and Ru(NH3)3Cl3 | [47,48,49] |
aliphatic alcohols and calix[4]arenes | 3, 4, 6, 12, 16 | PtBuAc | branching parameters, scaling equations | [50,51] |
PArOx | 20, 22 | P(DEGMA-co-OEGMA) | amphiphilic, thermoresponsive, nontoxic/encapsulation of fluorescent probe | [56,65] |
PArOx | 28 | PtBuAc, PtBuMAc, PAA and PMA | polyacid stars: pH responsive | [61,62,63] |
PArOx | 28 | PDMAEMA | thermo- and pH responsive, nontoxic/gene delivery | [57,59] |
PArOx | 28 | PDMAEMA with AgNPs | antibacterial agents | [71] |
PArOx | 28 | P(DMAEMA-co-DEGMA) P(DMAEMA-co-OEGMA-OH) | thermo- and pH responsive, nontoxic, gene delivery | [58,59,60,70,72] |
Polymer | Mn [g/mol] | Support | Type of the Layer | Thickness of the Layer | Grafting Density | Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grafting to | |||||||
PGL | 1,900,000 | silica | interpenetrating polymer chains | 15–120 nm | - | reduce fibrinogen adsorption | [90] |
PGL | 8000 | silica | interpenetrating polymer chains | 7–140 nm | - | reduce fibrinogen adsorption | [90] |
PGL | 8000 | silica | brushes | 1.1–1.5 nm (+/−0.3 nm) | 0.083–0.113 chains/nm2 | reduce fibrinogen adsorption | [90] |
P(Gl-EO) | 6000 | silica | brushes | 1.7–2.3 nm (+/−0.3 nm) | 0.17–0.23 chains/nm2 | reduce fibrinogen adsorption | [90] |
mPGL | 2,200,000 | silica, glass | interpenetrating polymer chains | 20–60 nm | - | the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes | [91] |
P(EtOx-NonOx) | 14,000–21,800 | glass | brushes | 4–8 nm | 0.19–0.22 chains/nm2 | the growth and harvesting of fibroblasts | [96] |
PIPOx | 20,800–42,000 | silica, glass | brushes | 5–11 nm | 0.16–0.26 chains/nm2 | the growth and harvesting of fibroblasts | [96,97] |
PEG | 576–1545 | silica | brushes | - | 2.88–3.54 pmol/mm2 | proteolytic enzyme detection | [106,107] |
P(DEGMA-ran-OEGMA-ran-GMA) | 380,000 | silica, glass | star polymer | 58 nm | - | the growth and harvesting of fibroblasts | [65] |
P(DEGMA-OEGMA) | 417,000 | silica | star polymer | 30 nm | - | deposition gene delivery and the growth and harvesting of HT-1080 | [72] |
PDMAEMA | 9000–1,000,000 | silica, glass | linear and star polymer | 3–100 nm | - | antibacterial | [108] |
grafting from | |||||||
P(TEGMA-EE) | 23,000–189,000 | silica, glass | brushes | 3–18 nm | 0.1 chain/nm2 | the growth and harvesting of fibroblasts and coculture of fibroblasts and keratinocytes | [86,87,88] |
P(TEGMA-EE) | - | polypropylene | crosslinked layer | >10 μm | 1.15 +/−0.03 mg/cm2 | the growth and harvesting of fibroblasts and amniotic stem cells | [85,89] |
PGL | 1600–290,000 | silica, PET | hyperbranched | 4–5 nm | reduce fibrinogen adsorption | [109] |
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Oleszko-Torbus, N.; Mendrek, B.; Kowalczuk, A.; Wałach, W.; Trzebicka, B.; Utrata-Wesołek, A. The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS. Polymers 2021, 13, 2892. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13172892
Oleszko-Torbus N, Mendrek B, Kowalczuk A, Wałach W, Trzebicka B, Utrata-Wesołek A. The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS. Polymers. 2021; 13(17):2892. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13172892
Chicago/Turabian StyleOleszko-Torbus, Natalia, Barbara Mendrek, Agnieszka Kowalczuk, Wojciech Wałach, Barbara Trzebicka, and Alicja Utrata-Wesołek. 2021. "The Role of Polymer Structure in Formation of Various Nano- and Microstructural Materials: 30 Years of Research in the Laboratory of Nano- and Microstructural Materials at the Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials PAS" Polymers 13, no. 17: 2892. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13172892