Tubular Electrospun Vancomycin-Loaded Vascular Grafts: Formulation Study and Physicochemical Characterization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Preformulation Study
Solubility of Vancomycin in Organic and Aqueous Phase
Stability of Vancomycin in Organic and Aqueous Phase
2.2.2. Method of Analysis
UV Method
HPLC Analysis
2.2.3. Polymer Solution Preparation and Conductimetric Analysis
2.2.4. Preparation of Tubular Vascular Grafts
2.2.5. Tubular Vascular Grafts Characterization
Morphometric Analysis
Wettability Evaluation
Fluid Uptake Capability
Drug Content and Encapsulation Efficiency Determination
In Vitro Release Study
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Set Up | |
---|---|---|
Spindle | Nozzle–collector distance (mm) | 150 |
Rotating mandrel diameter (mm) | 6 | |
Mandrel rotation speed (rpm) | 2500 | |
Spinneret | Speed (mm/s) | 50 |
Width (mm) | 50 | |
Cleaning | Frequency (s) | 60 |
Time (s) | 1 | |
Voltage (kV) | 30 | |
Syringe | Flow rate (mL/h) | 5 |
Nozzle diameter (gauge) | 18 and 22 | |
Electrospinning time | min | 7 |
Formulation No. | Composition | Conductivity (mS/cm) | Electrospun Fiber Morphology * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VMC (w/v %) | Surfactant (v/v %) | DCM/Acetone Ratio (v/v) | |||
PLA-PCL 15% w/v | |||||
VTVG1 | - | - | 80:20 | 0.095 | - |
VTVG2 | - | 0.05 | 80:20 | 0.128 | +/− |
VTVG3 | 5 | - | 80:20 | 0.568 | +/−,^ |
VTVG4 | 5 | 0.05 | 80:20 | 0.174 | +/− |
VTVG5 | - | - | 70:30 | 1.892 | - |
VTVG6 | - | 0.05 | 70:30 | 1.784 | + |
VTVG7 | 5 | - | 70:30 | 3.274 | +^ |
VTVG8 | 5 | 0.05 | 70:30 | 2.220 | + |
VTVG9 | - | - | 60:40 | 0.500 | - |
VTVG10 | - | 0.05 | 60:40 | 1.076 | +/− |
VTVG11 | 5 | - | 60:40 | 0.844 | +/−,^ |
VTVG12 | 5 | 0.05 | 60:40 | 2.855 | +/− |
PLGA 15% w/v | |||||
VTVG13 | - | - | 80:20 | 0.033 | +/− |
VTVG14 | - | 0.05 | 80:20 | 0.045 | +/− |
VTVG15 | 5 | - | 80:20 | 0.086 | +/−,^ |
VTVG16 | 5 | 0.05 | 80:20 | 0.174 | +/− |
VTVG17 | - | - | 70:30 | 0.595 | +/− |
VTVG18 | - | 0.05 | 70:30 | 0.225 | + |
VTVG19 | 5 | - | 70:30 | 0.770 | +/−,^ |
VTVG20 | 5 | 0.05 | 70:30 | 0.659 | + |
VTVG21 | - | - | 60:40 | 0.308 | +/− |
VTVG22 | - | 0.05 | 60:40 | 0.176 | +/− |
VTVG23 | 5 | - | 60:40 | 0.032 | +/−,^ |
VTVG24 | 5 | 0.05 | 60:40 | 0.446 | + |
Formulation No. | Fiber Diameter Range (μm) | Nano-Sized Fiber (%) | High-Frequency Orientation (°) | Porosity (% ± SD) | Number of Pores | Pore Area Range (μm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VTVG5 | 0.22–9.08 ± 0.59 | 10.4 | +45° | 55 ± 2.1 | 120.33 | 0.15–504.06 |
VTVG6 | 0.23–5.62 ± 0.99 | 4.0 | +1° | 49 ± 3.0 | 75.00 | 0.19–218.80 |
VTVG7 | 0.23–5.23 ± 0.72 | 7.2 | +44° | 56 ± 3.5 | 161.34 | 0.16–251.52 |
VTVG8 | 0.21–7.37 ± 0.90 | 5.2 | +4° | 40 ± 1.3 | 86.33 | 0.23–240.68 |
VTVG17 | 0.21–7.59 ± 0.82 | 4.7 | −87° | 50 ± 2.1 | 82.33 | 0.22–228.76 |
VTVG18 | 0.21–6.32 ± 0.88 | 6.3 | +88° | 49 ± 2.3 | 100.33 | 0.16–279.28 |
VTVG19 | 0.23–8.70 ± 1.14 | 4.8 | −9° | 46 ± 2.6 | 89.67 | 0.18–178.91 |
VTVG20 | 0.21–7.79 ± 1.89 | 4.4 | −89° | 39 ± 1.5 | 49.33 | 0.15–183.02 |
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Dorati, R.; Chiesa, E.; Rosalia, M.; Pisani, S.; Genta, I.; Bruni, G.; Modena, T.; Conti, B. Tubular Electrospun Vancomycin-Loaded Vascular Grafts: Formulation Study and Physicochemical Characterization. Polymers 2021, 13, 2073. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132073
Dorati R, Chiesa E, Rosalia M, Pisani S, Genta I, Bruni G, Modena T, Conti B. Tubular Electrospun Vancomycin-Loaded Vascular Grafts: Formulation Study and Physicochemical Characterization. Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2073. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132073
Chicago/Turabian StyleDorati, Rossella, Enrica Chiesa, Mariella Rosalia, Silvia Pisani, Ida Genta, Giovanna Bruni, Tiziana Modena, and Bice Conti. 2021. "Tubular Electrospun Vancomycin-Loaded Vascular Grafts: Formulation Study and Physicochemical Characterization" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2073. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132073