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Review

Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel

by
Ilya Nifant’ev
1,2,* and
Pavel Ivchenko
1,2
1
A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
2
Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2021, 13(10), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101580
Submission received: 21 April 2021 / Revised: 11 May 2021 / Accepted: 13 May 2021 / Published: 14 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Progress in Polymer Applications)

Abstract

In recent decades, biodiesel has been explored as a prospective comparable fuel to petroleum diesel for compression ignition engines. However, several drawbacks have limited the wide application of biodiesel as motor fuel, and the poor cold-flow property is one of the major problems. This problem is compounded by the diversity of the biodiesel characteristics arising from a variety of chemical compositions of biodiesel from different sources. Among the methods investigated to improve the cold-flow properties of biodiesel, the use of additives seems highly promising. Despite the significant number of publications, the potential of this method is still far from having been completely discovered or exploited. In the present review, we briefly describe the sources, chemical composition, and physico-chemical characteristics of the main types of biodiesel. Next, we discuss the examples of the use of different polymer additives for the improvement of the cold-flow characteristics of biodiesel and biodiesel/petroleum diesel blends. Additionally, we tried to assess the prospects of the polymer additives to enhance biodiesel performance. The main conclusion of this survey is that innovative and high-efficiency cold-flow improvers for biodiesel should be further developed.
Keywords: biodiesel; cloud point; cold-flow property; depressants; dispersants; esters; fatty acids; pour point biodiesel; cloud point; cold-flow property; depressants; dispersants; esters; fatty acids; pour point
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Nifant’ev, I.; Ivchenko, P. Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel. Polymers 2021, 13, 1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101580

AMA Style

Nifant’ev I, Ivchenko P. Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel. Polymers. 2021; 13(10):1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101580

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nifant’ev, Ilya, and Pavel Ivchenko. 2021. "Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel" Polymers 13, no. 10: 1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101580

APA Style

Nifant’ev, I., & Ivchenko, P. (2021). Polymer Cold-Flow Improvers for Biodiesel. Polymers, 13(10), 1580. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13101580

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