Investigation of 3D-Moldability of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Preparation
2.2. Testing of Surface Cracks and Delamination
2.3. Three-Dimensional Bending Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Number of Surface Cracks and Delamination
3.2. Length and Width of Surface Cracks and Delamination
3.3. Location and Orientation of Defects
3.4. 3D Bending Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | No. of Cracks | Crack Length | Crack Width | N |
---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (mm) | |||
Cut-out | 1 (2) | 18.2 (7.0) | 0.6 (0.4) | 3 |
Cut-out reinf. | 1 (1) | 6.7 (2.3) | 0.4 (0.2) | 3 |
Relief cut | 2 (1) | 12.2 (3.9) | 0.4 (0.1) | 3 |
Relief cut reinf. | 4 (2) | 17.4 (11.1) | 0.5 (0.3) | 3 |
Specimen | No. of Delamination | Delamination Length | N |
---|---|---|---|
(mm) | |||
Cut-out | 1 (1) | 12.7 (4.8) | 3 |
Cut-out reinf. | 1 (1) | 8.9 (3.4) | 3 |
Relief cut | 2 (0) | 12.3 (3.3) | 3 |
Relief cut reinf. | 2 (0) | 11.3 (3.4) | 3 |
Specimen | Sum Crack Length | Sum Crack Width | Sum Delam. Length | N |
---|---|---|---|---|
(mm) | (mm) | (mm) | ||
Cut-out | 24.2 (41.9) | 0.6 (1.0) | 16.9 (13.0) | 3 |
Cut-out reinf. | 8.9 (4.1) | 1.1 (0.9) | 8.9 (7.8) | 3 |
Relief cut | 53.9 (38.5) | 0.6 (0.4) | 24.6 (5.4) | 3 |
Relief cut reinf. | 75.3 (31.3) | 2.2 (1.4) | 22.6 (2.8) | 3 |
Specimen | Max. Force | MOE | N |
---|---|---|---|
(N) | (N/mm2) | ||
Cut-out | 2784 (530) | 532 (45) | 3 |
Cut-out reinf. | 4531 (941) | 791 (68) | 3 |
Relief cut | 1736 (97) | 633 (70) | 3 |
Relief cut reinf. | 3340 (322) | 816 (97) | 3 |
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Jorda, J.; Kain, G.; Barbu, M.-C.; Haupt, M.; Krišťák, Ľ. Investigation of 3D-Moldability of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood. Polymers 2020, 12, 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122852
Jorda J, Kain G, Barbu M-C, Haupt M, Krišťák Ľ. Investigation of 3D-Moldability of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122852
Chicago/Turabian StyleJorda, Johannes, Günther Kain, Marius-Catalin Barbu, Matthias Haupt, and Ľuboš Krišťák. 2020. "Investigation of 3D-Moldability of Flax Fiber Reinforced Beech Plywood" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2852. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122852