Dielectric Measurement Based Deducted Quantities to Track Repetitive, Short-Term Thermal Aging of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable Insulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples
2.1.1. PVC Cable Samples
2.1.2. PVC Films
2.2. Thermal Aging
2.2.1. PVC Cable Samples
- Heating up the heating chamber to the required temperature and letting the temperature stabilize for at least an hour
- Putting the samples into the heating chamber for 3 or 6 h depending on the aging cycle
- Removing the samples from the heating chamber
- Placing the specimens in the laboratory where the temperature was controlled
- Letting the samples rest for at least 8 h
2.2.2. PVC Films
2.3. Measurement Methods
2.3.1. PVC Cable Samples
2.3.2. PVC Films
2.4. Measured and Calculated Deducted Quantities for Following Aging
2.4.1. Central Loss Factor (CLF)
2.4.2. Central Frequency (CF)
2.4.3. Central Capacitance (CC)
2.4.4. Capacitance × Log(Frequency) × tan δ (CxlgFxLF)
2.4.5. Capacitance × Frequency × tan δ (CxFxLF)
2.4.6. Area of Capacitance Times tan δ at Logarithmic Frequencies (Alog)
2.4.7. Multiplication of Available Values: CFxCLFxCC, CFxCLF
2.4.8. VR Measurements
3. Results—PVC Cable Samples
3.1. Shore D vs. Aging
3.2. Loss Factor (Tan Delta) vs. Aging
3.3. Slope of Decay Voltage (Sd) vs. Aging Time
3.4. Comparison of Deducted Quantities
3.4.1. All Measurements Converted to Equivalent Aging at 110 °C
3.4.2. Measurements at 110 °C
3.4.3. Measurements at 125 °C
3.4.4. Measurements at 140 °C
4. Results—PVC Films
4.1. Shore D vs. Aging
4.2. Loss Factor (tan delta) vs. Aging
4.3. Slope of Decay Voltage (Sd) vs. Aging Time
4.4. Comparison of Deducted Quantities
4.4.1. Nonplasticized Specimens
4.4.2. Plasticized Specimens
5. Discussion
5.1. PVC Cable Samples
5.2. PVC Films
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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125 °C | 140 °C | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aging Time at Different Temperatures (h) | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 18 | 24 | 30 | 3 | 6 | 12 | 18 |
Equivalent Aging Time at 110 °C (h) | 8 | 15 | 23 | 31 | 39 | 46 | 62 | 77 | 19 | 37 | 74 | 111 |
CLF | CF | CFxCLF | CFxCLFxCC | CxFxLF | CC | Alog | ShoreD | CxLFxlgF | Sd | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
110 °C (21 meas.) | Aging t. | 0.687 | −0.853 | −0.676 | 0.077 | −0.354 | 0.874 | 0.875 | 0.853 | 0.849 | −0.636 |
ShoreD | 0.332 | −0.700 | −0.717 | −0.092 | −0.592 | 0.706 | 0.627 | 1.000 | 0.598 | −0.388 | |
Diff. | −0.831 | −0.612 | −0.897 | −0.835 | −0.844 | −0.589 | −0.753 | 1.000 | −0.765 | 0.090 | |
110 °C (9 meas.) | Aging t. | 0.675 | 0.277 | 0.830 | 0.869 | 0.849 | 0.877 | 0.815 | 0.432 | 0.826 | −0.440 |
ShoreD | −0.319 | 0.842 | 0.407 | 0.357 | 0.016 | 0.293 | −0.045 | 1.000 | −0.013 | 0.065 | |
Diff. | −0.941 | 0.781 | −0.025 | −0.174 | −0.896 | −0.389 | −0.869 | 1.000 | −0.862 | 0.306 | |
125 °C (9 meas.) | Aging t. | 0.821 | −0.898 | −0.469 | 0.835 | 0.935 | 0.984 | 0.959 | 0.721 | 0.957 | −0.393 |
ShoreD | 0.281 | −0.519 | −0.609 | 0.464 | 0.524 | 0.677 | 0.529 | 1.000 | 0.531 | 0.076 | |
Diff. | −0.739 | 0.586 | −0.433 | −0.336 | −0.492 | −0.167 | −0.754 | 1.000 | −0.707 | 0.302 | |
140 °C (4 meas.) | Aging t. | 0.700 | −0.962 | −0.980 | −0.769 | 0.601 | 0.848 | 0.860 | 0.932 | 0.811 | −0.980 |
ShoreD | 0.395 | −0.811 | −0.957 | −0.943 | 0.279 | 0.606 | 0.619 | 1.000 | 0.548 | −0.915 | |
Diff. | −0.993 | 0.793 | −0.851 | −0.990 | −0.960 | −0.940 | −0.977 | 1.000 | −0.975 | −0.569 |
CLF | CF | CFxCLF | CFxCLFxCC | CxFxLF | CC | Alog | ShoreD | CxLFxlgF | Sd | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DOP0 | Aging t. | −0.580 | −0.295 | −0.516 | −0.628 | −0.865 | −0. 15 | −0.569 | 0.122 | −0.686 | −0.535 |
ShoreD | 0.404 | −0.451 | −0.377 | −0.297 | 0.019 | 0.281 | 0.458 | 1.000 | 0.403 | −0.776 | |
Diff. | 0.947 | −0.114 | 0.376 | 0.603 | 0.924 | 0.976 | 0.934 | 1.000 | 0.657 | −0.904 | |
DOP30 | Aging t. | −0.950 | −0.027 | −0.811 | −0.867 | −0.935 | −0.843 | −0.924 | 0.810 | −0.935 | −0.769 |
ShoreD | −0.838 | 0.418 | −0.398 | −0.468 | −0.675 | −0.660 | −0.832 | 1.000 | −0.816 | −0.880 | |
Diff. | −0.693 | 0.746 | 0.023 | −0.156 | −0.549 | −0.627 | −0.698 | 1.000 | −0.060 | −0.808 | |
DOP40 | Aging t. | −0.879 | −0.637 | −0.831 | −0.869 | −0.929 | −0.905 | −0.811 | 0.724 | −0.875 | −0.884 |
ShoreD | −0.876 | −0.087 | −0.362 | −0.415 | −0.620 | −0.728 | −0.873 | 1.000 | −0.856 | −0.423 | |
Diff. | −0.456 | 0.605 | 0.514 | 0.489 | 0.255 | −0.066 | −0.518 | 1.000 | −0.414 | −0.131 | |
DOP50 | Aging t. | −0.690 | −0.829 | −0.918 | −0.936 | −0.958 | −0.950 | −0.591 | 0.836 | −0.771 | −0.925 |
ShoreD | −0.796 | −0.544 | −0.692 | −0.721 | −0.786 | −0.830 | −0.736 | 1.000 | −0.832 | −0.639 | |
Diff. | −0.364 | 0.055 | −0.046 | −0.038 | −0.059 | 0.074 | −0.250 | 1.000 | −0.278 | 0.413 |
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Csányi, G.M.; Bal, S.; Tamus, Z.Á. Dielectric Measurement Based Deducted Quantities to Track Repetitive, Short-Term Thermal Aging of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable Insulation. Polymers 2020, 12, 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122809
Csányi GM, Bal S, Tamus ZÁ. Dielectric Measurement Based Deducted Quantities to Track Repetitive, Short-Term Thermal Aging of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable Insulation. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122809
Chicago/Turabian StyleCsányi, Gergely Márk, Semih Bal, and Zoltán Ádám Tamus. 2020. "Dielectric Measurement Based Deducted Quantities to Track Repetitive, Short-Term Thermal Aging of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable Insulation" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122809