Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Study of Fully Aliphatic PA6 Copolyamides: Effect of Novel Long-Chain Polyamide Salt as a Comonomer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiment
2.1. Materials
2.2. Method
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopic Analysis
2.3.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) Analysis
2.3.3. Viscometry
2.3.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.3.5. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
2.3.6. Isothermal Crystallization Process by DSC
2.3.7. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis
2.3.8. Polarizing Microscopy (POM)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of PA6 and PA6-BABA/SA Copolyamides
3.2. RV and Mw
3.3. Crystal Structure
3.4. Thermal Properties of Virgin PA6 and PA6-BABA/SA Copolyamides
3.5. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics
3.6. Activation Energy of Isothermal Crystallization
3.7. POM Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Monomer Feed, wt % Ratio (CPL/BABA/SA) a wt % | Built-in Composition (CPL/BABA/SA) b wt % | RV dL/g | Mw |
---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 | 100 | - | 2.81 | 20,275 |
PA6-BABA/SA30 | 70/30 | 70.5/29.4 | 2.12 | 12,652 |
PA6-BABA/SA50 | 50/50 | 51.4/48.6 | 2.32 | 14,861 |
PA6-BABA/SA70 | 30/70 | 30.7/69.3 | 2.52 | 17,182 |
Samples | Tm (°C) | Tc (°C) | ΔHm (J/g) | Xc% | Tg (°C) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 | 211 | 170 | 53 | 28.4 | 65.9 |
PA6-BABA/SA30 | 180.4 | 143.1 | 45.8 | 24.5 | 58.4 |
PA6-BABA/SA50 | 172.4 | 128.1 | 38.4 | 20.5 | 52.2 |
PA6-BABA/SA70 | 164 | 115.5 | 28.5 | 15.3 | 43.5 |
Sample | Tiso (°C) | Time (min) |
---|---|---|
PA6 | 178 | 0.464 |
180 | 0.796 | |
183 | 1.457 | |
185 | 2.224 | |
188 | 3.701 | |
PA6-BABA/SA30 | 162 | 0.48 |
163 | 0.601 | |
164 | 0.684 | |
165 | 0.77 | |
166 | 0.974 | |
PA6-BABA/SA50 | 132 | 0.398 |
137 | 0.59 | |
140 | 0.913 | |
143 | 1.297 | |
146 | 2.314 | |
PA6-BABA/SA70 | 127 | 0.474 |
131 | 0.663 | |
135 | 1.027 | |
139 | 1.875 | |
143 | 3.87 |
Sample | Tiso (°C) | n | K (min−n) | t1/2 (min) | (kJ/mol) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA6 | 178 | 2.09 | 1.82 | 0.63 | −336 |
180 | 2.1 | 0.68 | 1.01 | ||
183 | 2.4 | 0.18 | 1.75 | ||
185 | 2.6 | 0.05 | 2.7 | ||
188 | 2.65 | 0.01 | 4.66 | ||
PA6-BABA/SA30 | 162 | 1.84 | 1.37 | 0.69 | −282 |
163 | 2.07 | 1.01 | 0.84 | ||
164 | 2.44 | 0.78 | 0.95 | ||
165 | 1.93 | 0.57 | 1.1 | ||
166 | 1.99 | 1.1 | 1.47 | ||
PA6-BABA/SA50 | 132 | 2.22 | 4.3 | 0.44 | −183 |
137 | 2.71 | 2.17 | 0.66 | ||
140 | 3.12 | 0.68 | 1.01 | ||
143 | 3.06 | 0.22 | 1.45 | ||
146 | 3.4 | 0.03 | 2.43 | ||
PA6-BABA/SA70 | 127 | 2.57 | 3 | 0.57 | −174 |
131 | 2.84 | 1.61 | 0.74 | ||
135 | 2.81 | 0.52 | 1.11 | ||
139 | 3.24 | 0.06 | 2.09 | ||
143 | 3.91 | 0 | 4.43 |
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Rwei, S.-P.; Ranganathan, P.; Lee, Y.-H. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Study of Fully Aliphatic PA6 Copolyamides: Effect of Novel Long-Chain Polyamide Salt as a Comonomer. Polymers 2019, 11, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030472
Rwei S-P, Ranganathan P, Lee Y-H. Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Study of Fully Aliphatic PA6 Copolyamides: Effect of Novel Long-Chain Polyamide Salt as a Comonomer. Polymers. 2019; 11(3):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030472
Chicago/Turabian StyleRwei, Syang-Peng, Palraj Ranganathan, and Yi-Huan Lee. 2019. "Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics Study of Fully Aliphatic PA6 Copolyamides: Effect of Novel Long-Chain Polyamide Salt as a Comonomer" Polymers 11, no. 3: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11030472