Fabrication and Properties of Hybrid Coffee-Cellulose Aerogels from Spent Coffee Grounds
1
Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Singapore S637662, Singapore
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore S119077, Singapore
3
Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
4
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2019, 11(12), 1942; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11121942
Received: 17 July 2019 / Revised: 5 November 2019 / Accepted: 19 November 2019 / Published: 26 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer and Composite Aerogels)
A fully biodegradable hybrid coffee-cotton aerogel has been successfully developed from spent coffee grounds, 100% cotton fiber and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) flakes via environmental friendly processes. The cotton fibers in coffee aerogel help to maintain the structure and improve the overall properties of the new hybrid coffee-cotton aerogel. The results show that increasing the concentration of fibers, while keeping the concentration of spent coffee grounds constant, the sinking of coffee ground particles in solution and shrinking effect on the aerogels are minimized and the overall mechanical and oil absorption properties are improved. The developed hybrid aerogels possess high porosity of 92–95% and super-hydrophobicity with an average water contact angle of 139°. Oil absorption capacity achieves 16 g/g with 0.50 wt.% of cotton fibers inside the coffee aerogel. Their thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.037–0.045 W/mK and compressive Young’s modulus achieves highest at 15.6 kPa. The properties of the hybrid aerogel indicate it as a potential material in several applications such as thermal insulation, oil absorption and filtration.
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Keywords:
aerogel; coffee powder; cotton fiber; freeze drying
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zhang, X.; Kwek, L.P.; Le, D.K.; Tan, M.S.; Duong, H.M. Fabrication and Properties of Hybrid Coffee-Cellulose Aerogels from Spent Coffee Grounds. Polymers 2019, 11, 1942.
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