High-Throughput Production of Micrometer Sized Double Emulsions and Microgel Capsules in Parallelized 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Device Preparation
4.2.2. Emulsification W/O/W—O/W/O
4.2.3. FITC-Dextran Loading of Hollow Microgels
4.2.4. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM)
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Vladisavljević, G.; Al Nuumani, R.; Nabavi, S. Microfluidic Production of Multiple Emulsions. Micromachines 2017, 8, 75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shah, R.K.; Shum, H.C.; Rowat, A.C.; Lee, D.; Agresti, J.J.; Utada, A.S.; Chu, L.Y.; Kim, J.W.; Fernandez-Nieves, A.; Martinez, C.J.; et al. Designer emulsions using microfluidics. Mater. Today 2008, 11, 18–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, J.H.; Li, S.W.; Tan, J.; Wang, Y.J.; Luo, G.S. Controllable preparation of monodisperse O/W and W/O emulsions in the same microfluidic device. Langmuir 2006, 22, 7943–7946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arriaga, L.R.; Datta, S.S.; Kim, S.H.; Amstad, E.; Kodger, T.E.; Monroy, F.; Weitz, D.A. Ultrathin shell double emulsion templated giant unilamellar lipid vesicles with controlled microdomain formation. Small 2014, 10, 950–956. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Michelon, M.; Huang, Y.; de la Torre, L.G.; Weitz, D.A.; Cunha, R.L. Single-step microfluidic production of W/O/W double emulsions as templates for β-carotene-loaded giant liposomes formation. Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 366, 27–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chang, Z.; Serra, C.A.; Bouquey, M.; Prat, L.; Hadziioannou, G. Co-axial capillaries microfluidic device for synthesizing size- and morphology-controlled polymer core-polymer shell particles. Lab Chip 2009, 9, 3007–3011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guerzoni, L.P.B.; Bohl, J.; Jans, A.; Rose, J.C.; Koehler, J.; Kuehne, A.J.C.; De Laporte, L. Microfluidic fabrication of polyethylene glycol microgel capsules with tailored properties for the delivery of biomolecules. Biomater. Sci. 2017, 5, 1549–1557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herranz-Blanco, B.; Arriaga, L.R.; Mäkilä, E.; Correia, A.; Shrestha, N.; Mirza, S.; Weitz, D.A.; Salonen, J.; Hirvonen, J.; Santos, H.A. Microfluidic assembly of multistage porous silicon-lipid vesicles for controlled drug release. Lab Chip 2014, 14, 1083–1086. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Terekhov, S.S.; Smirnov, I.V.; Stepanova, A.V.; Bobik, T.V.; Mokrushina, Y.A.; Ponomarenko, N.A.; Belogurov, A.A.; Rubtsova, M.P.; Kartseva, O.V.; Gomzikova, M.O.; et al. Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2017, 114, 2550–2555. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Martinez, C.J.; Kim, J.W.; Ye, C.; Ortiz, I.; Rowat, A.C.; Marquez, M.; Weitz, D. A Microfluidic Approach to Encapsulate Living Cells in Uniform Alginate Hydrogel Microparticles. Macromol. Biosci. 2012, 12, 946–951. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zingsheim, H.P.; Kavak, H.; Ishihara, T.; Smith, D.R.; Schultz, S.; Kremer, P.C.; Eleftheriades, G.V.; Brock, J.B.; Chuang, I.L.; Pendry, J.B.; et al. Monodisperse double emulsions generated from a microcapillary device. Science 2005, 308, 537–541. [Google Scholar]
- Okushima, S.; Nisisako, T.; Torii, T.; Higuchi, T. Controlled production of monodisperse double emulsions by two-step droplet breakup in microfluidic devices. Langmuir 2004, 20, 9905–9908. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abate, A.R.; Weitz, D.A. High-Order Multiple Emulsions Formed in Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microfluidics. Small 2009, 5, 2030–2032. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, S.-H.; Kim, J.W.; Kim, D.-H.; Han, S.-H.; Weitz, D.A. Enhanced-throughput production of polymersomes using a parallelized capillary microfluidic device. Microfluid. Nanofluidics 2012, 14, 509–514. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Romanowsky, M.B.; Abate, A.R.; Rotem, A.; Holtze, C.; Weitz, D.A.; Shah, R.K.; Shum, H.C.; Rowat, A.C.; Lee, D.; Agresti, J.J.; et al. High throughput production of single core double emulsions in a parallelized microfluidic device. Lab Chip 2012, 12, 802–807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Eggersdorfer, M.L.; Zheng, W.; Nawar, S.; Mercandetti, C.; Ofner, A.; Leibacher, I.; Koehler, S.; Weitz, D.A. Tandem emulsification for high-throughput production of double emulsions. Lab Chip 2017, 17, 936–942. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ji, Q.; Zhang, J.M.; Liu, Y.; Li, X.; Lv, P.; Jin, D.; Duan, H. A Modular Microfluidic Device via Multimaterial 3D Printing for Emulsion Generation. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 4791. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Femmer, T.; Jans, A.; Eswein, R.; Anwar, N.; Moeller, M.; Wessling, M.; Kuehne, A.J.C. High-Throughput Generation of Emulsions and Microgels in Parallelized Microfluidic Drop-Makers Prepared by Rapid Prototyping. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2015, 7, 12635–12638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nabavi, S.A.; Vladisavljević, G.T.; Gu, S.; Ekanem, E.E. Double emulsion production in glass capillary microfluidic device: Parametric investigation of droplet generation behaviour. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2015, 130, 183–196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benson, B.R.; Stone, H.A.; Prud’homme, R.K. An “Off-the-shelf” Capillary Microfluidic Device that Enables Tuning of the Droplet Breakup Regime at Constant Flow Rates. Lab Chip 2013, 13, 4507–4511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nabavi, S.A.; Vladisavljević, G.T.; Bandulasena, M.V.; Arjmandi-Tash, O.; Manović, V. Prediction and control of drop formation modes in microfluidic generation of double emulsions by single-step emulsification. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2017, 505, 315–324. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Watanabe, T.; Motohiro, I.; Ono, T. Microfluidic Formation of Hydrogel Microcapsules with a Single Aqueous Core by Spontaneous Cross-Linking in Aqueous Two-Phase System Droplets. Langmuir 2019, 35, 2358–2367. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Liu, H.; Liu, H.; Su, W.; Chen, W.; Qin, J. One-Step Generation of Core–Shell Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA) Microgels Using a Droplet Microfluidic System. Adv. Mater. Technol. 2019, 4, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Utech, S.; Prodanovic, R.; Mao, A.S.; Ostafe, R.; Mooney, D.J.; Weitz, D.A. Microfluidic Generation of Monodisperse, Structurally Homogeneous Alginate Microgels for Cell Encapsulation and 3D Cell Culture. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2015, 4, 1628–1633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Steinhilber, D.; Rossow, T.; Wedepohl, S.; Paulus, F.; Seiffert, S.; Haag, R. A microgel construction kit for bioorthogonal encapsulation and pH-controlled release of living cells. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 13538–13543. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rossow, T.; Heyman, J.A.; Ehrlicher, A.J.; Langhoff, A.; Weitz, D.A.; Haag, R.; Seiffert, S. Controlled synthesis of cell-laden microgels by radical-free gelation in droplet microfluidics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4983–4989. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lölsberg, J.; Starck, O.; Stiefel, S.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Wessling, M. 3D-Printed Electrodes with Improved Mass Transport Properties. ChemElectroChem 2017, 4, 3309–3313. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Jans, A.; Lölsberg, J.; Omidinia-Anarkoli, A.; Viermann, R.; Möller, M.; De Laporte, L.; Wessling, M.; Kuehne, A.J.C. High-Throughput Production of Micrometer Sized Double Emulsions and Microgel Capsules in Parallelized 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices. Polymers 2019, 11, 1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111887
Jans A, Lölsberg J, Omidinia-Anarkoli A, Viermann R, Möller M, De Laporte L, Wessling M, Kuehne AJC. High-Throughput Production of Micrometer Sized Double Emulsions and Microgel Capsules in Parallelized 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices. Polymers. 2019; 11(11):1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111887
Chicago/Turabian StyleJans, Alexander, Jonas Lölsberg, Abdolrahman Omidinia-Anarkoli, Robin Viermann, Martin Möller, Laura De Laporte, Matthias Wessling, and Alexander J. C. Kuehne. 2019. "High-Throughput Production of Micrometer Sized Double Emulsions and Microgel Capsules in Parallelized 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices" Polymers 11, no. 11: 1887. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111887