A Combination of Aqueous Extraction and Polymeric Membranes as a Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Solid Wastes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Solid Wastes
2.3. MF Pre-treatment of OMSW Extracts: Equipment and Procedures
2.4. Treatment of Clarified OMSW Extracts with UF and NF Membranes: Equipment and Procedures
2.5. Measurement of Hydraulic Permeability and Membrane Cleaning
2.6. Analytical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Aqueous Extraction of OMSWs
3.2. Microfiltration of OMSW Aqueous Extract
3.3. Treatment of Aqueous Extract with UF and NF Membranes: Effect of TMP on Permeate Flux
3.4. Treatment of Aqueous Extract with UF and NF Membranes: Effect of TMP on Solute Rejection
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Membrane Type | GK | GH | GE | NFA-12A | DK |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Manufacturer | GE Osmonics | GE Osmonics | GE Osmonics | Parker | GE Osmonics |
Membrane material | PA-TFC | PA-TFC | PA-TFC | PA-TFC | PA-TFC |
Configuration | flat-sheet | flat-sheet | flat-sheet | flat-sheet | flat-sheet |
Nominal MWCO (Da) | 3500 | 2500 | 1000 | 500 | 150-300 |
pH operating range | 2–10 | 2–10 | 2–10 | 3–11 | 3–9 |
Max. operating temperature (°C) | 50 | 50 | 50 | 63 | 50 |
Max. operating pressure (bar) | 27.6 | 27.6 | 27.6 | 30.6 | 41 |
Membrane surface area (m2) | 0.0035 | 0.0035 | 0.0035 | 0.0035 | 0.0035 |
Contact angle (°) | <61 a | <61 a | 50 b | 10 b | 41 a |
Parameters | Feed | Permeate | Retentate |
---|---|---|---|
Total suspended solids (%) | 5.4 ± 0.2 | n.d. | 8.6 ± 0.62 |
Total polyphenols (mg GAE/L) | 1812.4 ± 12.6 | 1672.2 ± 22.6 | 2046.0 ± 18.6 |
Flavanols (mg/L quercetin) | 190.4 ± 14.8 | 180.2 ± 11.3 | 205.1 ± 12.9 |
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (mg/L caffeic acid) | 180.2 ± 4.6 | 168.1 ± 10.4 | 210.2 ± 3.6 |
TAA (mM Trolox) | 11.2 ± 1.4 | 11.0 ± 0.6 | 12.3 ± 1.2 |
Membrane Type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GK | GH | GE | NFA-12A | DK | |
Lp0 (L/m2hbar) | 10.85 | 4.66 | 4.21 | 9.97 | 5.44 |
Lp1 (L/m2hbar) | 4.76 | 2.61 | 2.73 | 7.02 | 4.76 |
Lp2 (L/m2hbar) | 8.19 | 4.34 | 3.52 | 9.97 | 5.27 |
Fouling index (%) | 46.2 | 44.1 | 35.2 | 29.6 | 12.5 |
Flux recovery (%) | 92.5 | 93.1 | 83.6 | 100 | 96.9 |
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Conidi, C.; Egea-Corbacho, A.; Cassano, A. A Combination of Aqueous Extraction and Polymeric Membranes as a Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Solid Wastes. Polymers 2019, 11, 1868. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111868
Conidi C, Egea-Corbacho A, Cassano A. A Combination of Aqueous Extraction and Polymeric Membranes as a Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Solid Wastes. Polymers. 2019; 11(11):1868. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111868
Chicago/Turabian StyleConidi, Carmela, Agata Egea-Corbacho, and Alfredo Cassano. 2019. "A Combination of Aqueous Extraction and Polymeric Membranes as a Sustainable Process for the Recovery of Polyphenols from Olive Mill Solid Wastes" Polymers 11, no. 11: 1868. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111868