Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Thermosetting Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Thermosetting Polymers Obtained from Vegetable Oils
1.2. Antimicrobial Effect of Metal-Oxide Nanoparticles
1.2.1. Antimicrobial Effect of Zinc Oxide
1.2.2. Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Oxide
1.2.3. Antimicrobial Effect of Copper Oxide
1.2.4. Antimicrobial Effect of Iron Oxide
2. Preparation of Vegetable Oil-Based Thermosetting Polymers Incorporating Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
2.1. Synthesis of Acrylated Epoxidized Linseed Oil (AELO)/TiO2 Nanocomposites
2.2. Synthesis of Crosslinked Castor Oil (CO)/Chitosan-Modified ZnO Nanoparticles (CS-ZnO NPs)
2.3. Synthesis of Epoxidized Soybean Oil (ESO)/ZnO Nanocomposites
2.4. Synthesis of Geranium-Derived Oil (Ge)/ZnO Nanocomposites
2.5. Synthesis of Sunflower Oil Derived Hyperbranched Polyurethane (HBPU)/Fe3O4 Nanocomposites
2.6. Synthesis of Linseed Oil (LO) Derived Polyol/CuO Nanocomposites
3. Morphology of Vegetable Oil-Based Thermoset Polymers with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
3.1. Linseed Oil-Based Nanocomposites
3.2. Castor Oil-Based Nanocomposites
3.3. Soybean Oil-Based Nanocomposites
3.4. Geranium Oil-Based Nanocomposites
3.5. Sunflower Oil-Based Nanocomposites
4. Antimicrobial Activity of Vegetable Oil-Based Thermoset Polymers with Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
4.1. Antimicrobial Effect of Zinc Oxide-Reinforced Nanocomposites
4.2. Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Oxide-Reinforced Nanocomposites
4.3. Antimicrobial Effect of Copper Oxide-Reinforced Nanocomposites
4.4. Antimicrobial Effect of Iron Oxide-Reinforced Nanocomposites
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fatty Acid | Formula | Structure |
---|---|---|
Palmitic | C16H32O2 | |
Palmitoleic | C16H30O2 | |
Stearic | C18H36O2 | |
Oleic | C18H34O2 | |
Linoleic | C18H32O2 | |
Linolenic | C18H30O2 | |
α-Eleostearic | C18H30O2 |
Vegetable Oil | Double Bonds a | Iodine Value b (mg/100g) | Fatty Acids (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Palmitic | Stearic | Oleic | Linoleic | Linolenic | |||
Palm | 1.7 | 44–58 | 42.8 | 4.2 | 40.5 | 10.1 | - |
Olive | 2.8 | 75–94 | 13.7 | 2.5 | 71.1 | 10.0 | 0.6 |
Groundnut | 3.4 | 80–106 | 11.4 | 2.4 | 48.3 | 31.9 | - |
Rapeseed | 3.8 | 94–120 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 56.0 | 26.0 | 10 |
Sesame | 3.9 | 103–116 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 41.0 | 43.0 | 1.0 |
Cottonseed | 3.9 | 90–119 | 21.6 | 2.6 | 18.6 | 54.4 | 0.7 |
Corn | 4.5 | 102–130 | 10.9 | 2.0 | 25.4 | 59.6 | 1.2 |
Soybean | 4.6 | 117–143 | 11.0 | 4.0 | 23.4 | 53.3 | 7.8 |
Sunflower | 4.7 | 110–143 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 37.2 | 53.8 | 1.0 |
Castor c | 4.8 | 83–88 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 0.3 |
Linseed | 6.6 | 168–204 | 5.5 | 3.5 | 19.1 | 15.3 | 56 |
Nanocomposite Type (Processing) | Antibacterial Activity (AU) | Bacteria Strain | Average NP Size (nm) | NP Shape | NP Concentration (wt %) | REF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zn/Ge 10 (PP) | 31 a | S. aureus | 60 | Ball-like | 0.79 | 47 |
Zn/Ge 10 (PP) | 33 a | E. coli | 60 | Ball-like | 0.79 | 47 |
Zn/Ge 50 (PP) | 42 a | S. aureus | 80 | Ball-like | 1.57 | 47 |
Zn/Ge 50 (PP) | 44 a | E. coli | 80 | Ball-like | 1.57 | 47 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 0.30 | E. coli | 65 | Spherical | 1.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 0.55 | S. aureus | 65 | Spherical | 1.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 0.60 | E. coli | 73 | Spherical | 3.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 0.98 | S. aureus | 73 | Spherical | 3.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 1.12 | E. coli | 80 | Spherical | 5.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 1.47 | S. aureus | 80 | Spherical | 5.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 1.32 | E. coli | 92 | Spherical | 7.00 | 17 |
ESO/ZnO (SM + C) | 1.68 | S. aureus | 92 | Spherical | 7.00 | 17 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 0.41 | E. coli | 40 | Spherical | 1.00 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 0.60 | S. aureus | 40 | Spherical | 1.00 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 1.12 | E. coli | 42 | Spherical | 2.50 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 1.62 | S. aureus | 42 | Spherical | 2.50 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 1.73 | E. coli | 46 | Spherical | 5.00 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 2.68 | S. aureus | 46 | Spherical | 5.00 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 1.92 | E. coli | 64 | Spherical | 7.50 | 46 |
AELO/TiO2 (IP + C) | 2.81 | S. aureus | 64 | Spherical | 7.50 | 46 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 0.75 | E. coli | 168 | Quasi-spherical | 1.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.20 | S. aureus | 168 | Quasi-spherical | 1.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.10 | M. luteus | 168 | Quasi-spherical | 1.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 0.98 | E. coli | 177 | Quasi-spherical | 2.50 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.80 | S. aureus | 177 | Quasi-spherical | 2.50 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.71 | M. luteus | 177 | Quasi-spherical | 2.50 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.32 | E. coli | 175 | Quasi-spherical | 5.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 2.30 | S. aureus | 175 | Quasi-spherical | 5.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 2.24 | M. luteus | 175 | Quasi-spherical | 5.00 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 1.55 | E. coli | 180 | Quasi-spherical | 7.50 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 3.05 | S. aureus | 180 | Quasi-spherical | 7.50 | 18 |
CO/CS-ZnO (SM + C) | 2.98 | M. luteus | 180 | Quasi-spherical | 7.50 | 18 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 17 b | E. coli | 50 | Quasi-spherical | 0.04 c | 50 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 55 b | S. aureus | 50 | Quasi-spherical | 0.04 c | 50 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 24 b | E. coli | 56 | Quasi-spherical | 0.05 c | 50 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 57b | S. aureus | 56 | Quasi-spherical | 0.05 c | 50 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 62 b | E. coli | 59 | Quasi-spherical | 0.06 c | 50 |
LO/CuO (SL) | 60 b | S. aureus | 59 | Quasi-spherical | 0.06 c | 50 |
HBPU/Fe3O4 (SC + C) | 0.43d | S. aureus | 9 | Spherical | 15.0 | 48 |
HBPU/Fe3O4 (SC + C) | 0.42 d | K. pneu-moniae | 9 | Spherical | 15.0 | 48 |
HBPU/Fe3O4-CNT (SC + C) | 0.40 d | S. aureus | 11 | Spherical | 15.0 | 49 |
HBPU/Fe3O4-CNT (SC + C) | 0.39 d | K. pneu-moniae | 11 | Spherical | 15.0 | 49 |
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Diez-Pascual, A.M. Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Thermosetting Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers 2019, 11, 1790. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111790
Diez-Pascual AM. Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Thermosetting Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. Polymers. 2019; 11(11):1790. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111790
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiez-Pascual, Ana Maria. 2019. "Antibacterial Nanocomposites Based on Thermosetting Polymers Derived from Vegetable Oils and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles" Polymers 11, no. 11: 1790. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11111790