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Polymers
Volume 10
Issue 4
10.3390/polym10040433
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Article

Structural Changes of Bagasse dusring the Homogeneous Esterification with Maleic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride

by
Huihui Wang
1,
Wei Chen
1,
Xueqin Zhang
1,
Yi Wei
1,
Aiping Zhang
2,
Shijie Liu
1,3,*,
Xiaoying Wang
1 and
Chuanfu Liu
1,*
1
State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
2
College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
3
Department of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2018, 10(4), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040433
Submission received: 18 March 2018 / Revised: 9 April 2018 / Accepted: 9 April 2018 / Published: 13 April 2018
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Abstract

The maleation of bagasse could greatly increase the compatibility between bagasse and composite matrixes, and the percentage of substitution (PS) of bagasse maleates could be regulated in the homogeneous system. However, due to the complicated components and the linkages of bagasse, it was difficult to control the reaction behaviors of each component. In this paper, the detailed structural changes of bagasse during the homogeneous maleation in ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) were comparatively investigated with the three main components (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) from bagasse. The PS of the maleated bagasse was 12.52%, and the PS of the maleated cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin were 13.50%, 10.89%, and 14.03%, respectively. Fourier translation infrared (FT-IR) and NMR analyses confirmed that the three main components were all involved in the homogeneous maleation. 1H-13C HSQC analysis indicated that the predominant monoesterification of cellulose, diesterification of hemicelluloses and lignin, and the degradation of the three main components simultaneously occurred. Besides, the quantitative analysis from 1H-13C HSQC revealed the relative PS of reactive sites in each component. 31P NMR results showed that the reactivity of lignin aliphatic hydroxyls was higher than that of phenolic ones, and the reactivity of phenolic hydroxyls followed the order of p-hydroxyphenyl hydroxyls > guaiacyl hydroxyls > syringyl hydroxyls.
Keywords: bagasse; maleic anhydride; structural changes; AmimCl bagasse; maleic anhydride; structural changes; AmimCl

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, H.; Chen, W.; Zhang, X.; Wei, Y.; Zhang, A.; Liu, S.; Wang, X.; Liu, C. Structural Changes of Bagasse dusring the Homogeneous Esterification with Maleic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride. Polymers 2018, 10, 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040433

AMA Style

Wang H, Chen W, Zhang X, Wei Y, Zhang A, Liu S, Wang X, Liu C. Structural Changes of Bagasse dusring the Homogeneous Esterification with Maleic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride. Polymers. 2018; 10(4):433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040433

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Huihui, Wei Chen, Xueqin Zhang, Yi Wei, Aiping Zhang, Shijie Liu, Xiaoying Wang, and Chuanfu Liu. 2018. "Structural Changes of Bagasse dusring the Homogeneous Esterification with Maleic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride" Polymers 10, no. 4: 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040433

APA Style

Wang, H., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Wei, Y., Zhang, A., Liu, S., Wang, X., & Liu, C. (2018). Structural Changes of Bagasse dusring the Homogeneous Esterification with Maleic Anhydride in Ionic Liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride. Polymers, 10(4), 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040433

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